tmp/tmpr4mvwd5r/{from.md → to.md}
RENAMED
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##
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Any allocation function for a class `T` is a static member (even if not
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explicitly declared `static`).
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[*Example 1*:
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}
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```
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— *end example*]
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When an object is deleted with a *delete-expression* [[expr.delete]], a
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deallocation function (`operator delete()` for non-array objects or
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`operator delete[]()` for arrays) is (implicitly) called to reclaim the
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storage occupied by the object [[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]].
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-
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Class-specific deallocation function lookup is a part of general
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deallocation function lookup [[expr.delete]] and occurs as follows. If
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the *delete-expression* is used to deallocate a class object whose
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static type has a virtual destructor, the deallocation function is the
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one selected at the point of definition of the dynamic type’s virtual
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destructor [[class.dtor]].[^15] Otherwise, if the *delete-expression* is
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used to deallocate an object of class `T` or array thereof, the
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deallocation function’s name is looked up in the scope of `T`. If this
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lookup fails to find the name, general deallocation function lookup
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[[expr.delete]] continues. If the result of the lookup is ambiguous or
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inaccessible, or if the lookup selects a placement deallocation
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function, the program is ill-formed.
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-
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Any deallocation function for a class `X` is a static member (even if
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not explicitly declared `static`).
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[*Example 2*:
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@@ -64,14 +46,13 @@ Since member allocation and deallocation functions are `static` they
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cannot be virtual.
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[*Note 1*:
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However, when the *cast-expression* of a *delete-expression* refers to
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an object of class type
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-
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-
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that case. For example,
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``` cpp
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struct B {
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virtual ~B();
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void operator delete(void*, std::size_t);
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@@ -129,258 +110,16 @@ void f(int i) {
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}
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```
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— *end note*]
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Access to the deallocation function is checked statically
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visible deallocation function is required to be accessible.
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[*Example 3*: For the call on line “// 1” above, if
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`B::operator delete()` had been private, the delete expression would
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have been ill-formed. — *end example*]
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[*Note 3*: If a deallocation function has no explicit
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*noexcept-specifier*, it has a non-throwing exception specification
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[[except.spec]]. — *end note*]
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<!-- Link reference definitions -->
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[basic.compound]: basic.md#basic.compound
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[basic.def]: basic.md#basic.def
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[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
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[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
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[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
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[basic.lookup]: basic.md#basic.lookup
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[basic.lookup.elab]: basic.md#basic.lookup.elab
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[basic.lookup.qual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.qual
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[basic.lookup.unqual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.unqual
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[basic.lval]: expr.md#basic.lval
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[basic.scope]: basic.md#basic.scope
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[basic.scope.class]: basic.md#basic.scope.class
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[basic.scope.hiding]: basic.md#basic.scope.hiding
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[basic.start.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.start.dynamic
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[basic.start.static]: basic.md#basic.start.static
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[basic.start.term]: basic.md#basic.start.term
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[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
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[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
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[basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
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[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation
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[basic.stc.static]: basic.md#basic.stc.static
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[basic.stc.thread]: basic.md#basic.stc.thread
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[basic.type.qualifier]: basic.md#basic.type.qualifier
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[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
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[class]: #class
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[class.abstract]: #class.abstract
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[class.access]: #class.access
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[class.access.base]: #class.access.base
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[class.access.nest]: #class.access.nest
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[class.access.spec]: #class.access.spec
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[class.access.virt]: #class.access.virt
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[class.base.init]: #class.base.init
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[class.bit]: #class.bit
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[class.cdtor]: #class.cdtor
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[class.compare]: #class.compare
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[class.compare.default]: #class.compare.default
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[class.compare.secondary]: #class.compare.secondary
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[class.conv]: #class.conv
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[class.conv.ctor]: #class.conv.ctor
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[class.conv.fct]: #class.conv.fct
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[class.copy.assign]: #class.copy.assign
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[class.copy.ctor]: #class.copy.ctor
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[class.copy.elision]: #class.copy.elision
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[class.ctor]: #class.ctor
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[class.default.ctor]: #class.default.ctor
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[class.derived]: #class.derived
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[class.dtor]: #class.dtor
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[class.eq]: #class.eq
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[class.expl.init]: #class.expl.init
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[class.free]: #class.free
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[class.friend]: #class.friend
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[class.inhctor.init]: #class.inhctor.init
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[class.init]: #class.init
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[class.local]: #class.local
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[class.mem]: #class.mem
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[class.member.lookup]: #class.member.lookup
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[class.mfct]: #class.mfct
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[class.mfct.non-static]: #class.mfct.non-static
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[class.mi]: #class.mi
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[class.name]: #class.name
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[class.nest]: #class.nest
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[class.nested.type]: #class.nested.type
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[class.paths]: #class.paths
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[class.pre]: #class.pre
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[class.prop]: #class.prop
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[class.protected]: #class.protected
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[class.qual]: basic.md#class.qual
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[class.spaceship]: #class.spaceship
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[class.static]: #class.static
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[class.static.data]: #class.static.data
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[class.static.mfct]: #class.static.mfct
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[class.temporary]: basic.md#class.temporary
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[class.this]: #class.this
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[class.union]: #class.union
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[class.union.anon]: #class.union.anon
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[class.virtual]: #class.virtual
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[cmp.categories]: support.md#cmp.categories
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[cmp.categories.pre]: support.md#cmp.categories.pre
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[cmp.partialord]: support.md#cmp.partialord
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[cmp.strongord]: support.md#cmp.strongord
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[cmp.weakord]: support.md#cmp.weakord
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[conv]: expr.md#conv
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[conv.mem]: expr.md#conv.mem
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[conv.ptr]: expr.md#conv.ptr
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[conv.rval]: expr.md#conv.rval
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[dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
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[dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr
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[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
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[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
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[dcl.enum]: dcl.md#dcl.enum
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[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
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[dcl.fct.def]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def
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[dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.coroutine
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[dcl.fct.def.delete]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.delete
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[dcl.fct.def.general]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.general
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[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
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[dcl.fct.spec]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.spec
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[dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
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[dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
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[dcl.init.list]: dcl.md#dcl.init.list
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[dcl.init.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.init.ref
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[dcl.inline]: dcl.md#dcl.inline
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[dcl.spec.auto]: dcl.md#dcl.spec.auto
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[dcl.stc]: dcl.md#dcl.stc
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[dcl.type.cv]: dcl.md#dcl.type.cv
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[dcl.type.elab]: dcl.md#dcl.type.elab
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[dcl.type.simple]: dcl.md#dcl.type.simple
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[dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
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[depr.impldec]: future.md#depr.impldec
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[depr.static.constexpr]: future.md#depr.static.constexpr
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[diff.class]: compatibility.md#diff.class
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[except.ctor]: except.md#except.ctor
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[except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
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[except.pre]: except.md#except.pre
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[except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
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[except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
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[expr.ass]: expr.md#expr.ass
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[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
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[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
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[expr.const.cast]: expr.md#expr.const.cast
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[expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
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[expr.dynamic.cast]: expr.md#expr.dynamic.cast
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[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
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[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
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[expr.prim.id]: expr.md#expr.prim.id
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[expr.prim.id.dtor]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.dtor
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[expr.prim.id.qual]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.qual
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[expr.prim.this]: expr.md#expr.prim.this
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[expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
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[expr.reinterpret.cast]: expr.md#expr.reinterpret.cast
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[expr.rel]: expr.md#expr.rel
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[expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
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[expr.sub]: expr.md#expr.sub
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[expr.throw]: expr.md#expr.throw
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[expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
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[expr.typeid]: expr.md#expr.typeid
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[expr.unary.op]: expr.md#expr.unary.op
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[intro.execution]: basic.md#intro.execution
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[intro.object]: basic.md#intro.object
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[namespace.def]: dcl.md#namespace.def
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[namespace.memdef]: dcl.md#namespace.memdef
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[namespace.udecl]: dcl.md#namespace.udecl
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[over]: over.md#over
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[over.ass]: over.md#over.ass
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[over.best.ics]: over.md#over.best.ics
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[over.binary]: over.md#over.binary
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[over.ics.ref]: over.md#over.ics.ref
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[over.load]: over.md#over.load
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[over.match]: over.md#over.match
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[over.match.best]: over.md#over.match.best
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[over.match.call]: over.md#over.match.call
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[over.match.copy]: over.md#over.match.copy
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[over.match.funcs]: over.md#over.match.funcs
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[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
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[over.over]: over.md#over.over
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[special]: #special
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[stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
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[stmt.return]: stmt.md#stmt.return
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[stmt.return.coroutine]: stmt.md#stmt.return.coroutine
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[string.classes]: strings.md#string.classes
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[temp.arg]: temp.md#temp.arg
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[temp.class.spec]: temp.md#temp.class.spec
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[temp.constr]: temp.md#temp.constr
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[temp.constr.order]: temp.md#temp.constr.order
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[temp.friend]: temp.md#temp.friend
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[temp.param]: temp.md#temp.param
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[temp.variadic]: temp.md#temp.variadic
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[^1]: This ensures that two subobjects that have the same class type and
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that belong to the same most derived object are not allocated at the
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same address [[expr.eq]].
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[^2]: See, for example, `<cstring>`.
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[^3]: This implies that the reference parameter of the
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implicitly-declared copy constructor cannot bind to a `volatile`
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lvalue; see [[diff.class]].
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-
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[^4]: Because a template assignment operator or an assignment operator
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taking an rvalue reference parameter is never a copy assignment
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operator, the presence of such an assignment operator does not
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suppress the implicit declaration of a copy assignment operator.
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Such assignment operators participate in overload resolution with
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other assignment operators, including copy assignment operators,
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and, if selected, will be used to assign an object.
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[^5]: This implies that the reference parameter of the
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implicitly-declared copy assignment operator cannot bind to a
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`volatile` lvalue; see [[diff.class]].
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[^6]: These conversions are considered as standard conversions for the
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purposes of overload resolution ([[over.best.ics]],
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[[over.ics.ref]]) and therefore initialization [[dcl.init]] and
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explicit casts [[expr.static.cast]]. A conversion to `void` does not
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invoke any conversion function [[expr.static.cast]]. Even though
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never directly called to perform a conversion, such conversion
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functions can be declared and can potentially be reached through a
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call to a virtual conversion function in a base class.
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[^7]: The use of the `virtual` specifier in the declaration of an
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overriding function is valid but redundant (has empty semantics).
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[^8]: If all virtual functions are immediate functions, the class is
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still polymorphic even though its internal representation might not
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otherwise require any additions for that polymorphic behavior.
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[^9]: A function with the same name but a different parameter list
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[[over]] as a virtual function is not necessarily virtual and does
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not override. Access control [[class.access]] is not considered in
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determining overriding.
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[^10]: Multi-level pointers to classes or references to multi-level
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pointers to classes are not allowed.
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[^11]: Access permissions are thus transitive and cumulative to nested
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and local classes.
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[^12]: As specified previously in [[class.access]], private members of a
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base class remain inaccessible even to derived classes unless friend
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declarations within the base class definition are used to grant
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access explicitly.
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[^13]: This additional check does not apply to other members, e.g.,
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static data members or enumerator member constants.
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[^14]: Because only one object is destroyed instead of two, and one
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copy/move constructor is not executed, there is still one object
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destroyed for each one constructed.
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[^15]: A similar provision is not needed for the array version of
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`operator` `delete` because [[expr.delete]] requires that in this
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situation, the static type of the object to be deleted be the same
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as its dynamic type.
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+
### Allocation and deallocation functions <a id="class.free">[[class.free]]</a>
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Any allocation function for a class `T` is a static member (even if not
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explicitly declared `static`).
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[*Example 1*:
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}
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```
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— *end example*]
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Any deallocation function for a class `X` is a static member (even if
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not explicitly declared `static`).
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[*Example 2*:
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cannot be virtual.
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[*Note 1*:
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However, when the *cast-expression* of a *delete-expression* refers to
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+
an object of class type with a virtual destructor, because the
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deallocation function is chosen by the destructor of the dynamic type of
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the object, the effect is the same in that case. For example,
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``` cpp
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struct B {
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virtual ~B();
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void operator delete(void*, std::size_t);
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}
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```
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| 113 |
— *end note*]
|
| 114 |
|
| 115 |
+
Access to the deallocation function is checked statically, even if a
|
| 116 |
+
different one is actually executed.
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| 117 |
|
| 118 |
[*Example 3*: For the call on line “// 1” above, if
|
| 119 |
`B::operator delete()` had been private, the delete expression would
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| 120 |
have been ill-formed. — *end example*]
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
[*Note 3*: If a deallocation function has no explicit
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| 123 |
*noexcept-specifier*, it has a non-throwing exception specification
|
| 124 |
[[except.spec]]. — *end note*]
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| 125 |
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