- tmp/tmpe3tay5nh/{from.md → to.md} +271 -18
tmp/tmpe3tay5nh/{from.md → to.md}
RENAMED
|
@@ -15,32 +15,31 @@ struct D1 : B {
|
|
| 15 |
|
| 16 |
Arena* ap;
|
| 17 |
void foo(int i) {
|
| 18 |
new (ap) D1; // calls B::operator new(std::size_t, Arena*)
|
| 19 |
new D1[i]; // calls ::operator new[](std::size_t)
|
| 20 |
-
new D1; //
|
| 21 |
}
|
| 22 |
```
|
| 23 |
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| 24 |
— *end example*]
|
| 25 |
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| 26 |
-
When an object is deleted with a *delete-expression*
|
| 27 |
-
|
| 28 |
`operator delete[]()` for arrays) is (implicitly) called to reclaim the
|
| 29 |
-
storage occupied by the object
|
| 30 |
|
| 31 |
Class-specific deallocation function lookup is a part of general
|
| 32 |
-
deallocation function lookup
|
| 33 |
-
|
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static type has a virtual destructor, the deallocation function is the
|
| 35 |
one selected at the point of definition of the dynamic type’s virtual
|
| 36 |
-
destructor
|
| 37 |
-
|
| 38 |
-
static and dynamic types of the object shall be identical and the
|
| 39 |
deallocation function’s name is looked up in the scope of `T`. If this
|
| 40 |
-
lookup fails to find the name, general deallocation function lookup
|
| 41 |
-
[[expr.delete]]
|
| 42 |
inaccessible, or if the lookup selects a placement deallocation
|
| 43 |
function, the program is ill-formed.
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| 44 |
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| 45 |
Any deallocation function for a class `X` is a static member (even if
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not explicitly declared `static`).
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@@ -67,12 +66,12 @@ cannot be virtual.
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| 67 |
[*Note 1*:
|
| 68 |
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| 69 |
However, when the *cast-expression* of a *delete-expression* refers to
|
| 70 |
an object of class type, because the deallocation function actually
|
| 71 |
called is looked up in the scope of the class that is the dynamic type
|
| 72 |
-
of the object
|
| 73 |
-
example,
|
| 74 |
|
| 75 |
``` cpp
|
| 76 |
struct B {
|
| 77 |
virtual ~B();
|
| 78 |
void operator delete(void*, std::size_t);
|
|
@@ -80,18 +79,31 @@ struct B {
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|
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
struct D : B {
|
| 82 |
void operator delete(void*);
|
| 83 |
};
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| 84 |
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| 85 |
void f() {
|
| 86 |
B* bp = new D;
|
| 87 |
delete bp; // 1: uses D::operator delete(void*)
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|
| 88 |
}
|
| 89 |
```
|
| 90 |
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| 91 |
-
Here, storage for the
|
| 92 |
-
`D::operator delete()`,
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| 93 |
|
| 94 |
— *end note*]
|
| 95 |
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| 96 |
[*Note 2*:
|
| 97 |
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@@ -122,12 +134,253 @@ void f(int i) {
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| 122 |
Access to the deallocation function is checked statically. Hence, even
|
| 123 |
though a different one might actually be executed, the statically
|
| 124 |
visible deallocation function is required to be accessible.
|
| 125 |
|
| 126 |
[*Example 3*: For the call on line “// 1” above, if
|
| 127 |
-
`B::operator delete()` had been
|
| 128 |
have been ill-formed. — *end example*]
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
[*Note 3*: If a deallocation function has no explicit
|
| 131 |
-
*noexcept-specifier*, it has a non-throwing exception specification
|
| 132 |
-
[[except.spec]]
|
| 133 |
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|
| 15 |
|
| 16 |
Arena* ap;
|
| 17 |
void foo(int i) {
|
| 18 |
new (ap) D1; // calls B::operator new(std::size_t, Arena*)
|
| 19 |
new D1[i]; // calls ::operator new[](std::size_t)
|
| 20 |
+
new D1; // error: ::operator new(std::size_t) hidden
|
| 21 |
}
|
| 22 |
```
|
| 23 |
|
| 24 |
— *end example*]
|
| 25 |
|
| 26 |
+
When an object is deleted with a *delete-expression* [[expr.delete]], a
|
| 27 |
+
deallocation function (`operator delete()` for non-array objects or
|
| 28 |
`operator delete[]()` for arrays) is (implicitly) called to reclaim the
|
| 29 |
+
storage occupied by the object [[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]].
|
| 30 |
|
| 31 |
Class-specific deallocation function lookup is a part of general
|
| 32 |
+
deallocation function lookup [[expr.delete]] and occurs as follows. If
|
| 33 |
+
the *delete-expression* is used to deallocate a class object whose
|
| 34 |
static type has a virtual destructor, the deallocation function is the
|
| 35 |
one selected at the point of definition of the dynamic type’s virtual
|
| 36 |
+
destructor [[class.dtor]].[^15] Otherwise, if the *delete-expression* is
|
| 37 |
+
used to deallocate an object of class `T` or array thereof, the
|
|
|
|
| 38 |
deallocation function’s name is looked up in the scope of `T`. If this
|
| 39 |
+
lookup fails to find the name, general deallocation function lookup
|
| 40 |
+
[[expr.delete]] continues. If the result of the lookup is ambiguous or
|
| 41 |
inaccessible, or if the lookup selects a placement deallocation
|
| 42 |
function, the program is ill-formed.
|
| 43 |
|
| 44 |
Any deallocation function for a class `X` is a static member (even if
|
| 45 |
not explicitly declared `static`).
|
|
|
|
| 66 |
[*Note 1*:
|
| 67 |
|
| 68 |
However, when the *cast-expression* of a *delete-expression* refers to
|
| 69 |
an object of class type, because the deallocation function actually
|
| 70 |
called is looked up in the scope of the class that is the dynamic type
|
| 71 |
+
of the object if the destructor is virtual, the effect is the same in
|
| 72 |
+
that case. For example,
|
| 73 |
|
| 74 |
``` cpp
|
| 75 |
struct B {
|
| 76 |
virtual ~B();
|
| 77 |
void operator delete(void*, std::size_t);
|
|
|
|
| 79 |
|
| 80 |
struct D : B {
|
| 81 |
void operator delete(void*);
|
| 82 |
};
|
| 83 |
|
| 84 |
+
struct E : B {
|
| 85 |
+
void log_deletion();
|
| 86 |
+
void operator delete(E *p, std::destroying_delete_t) {
|
| 87 |
+
p->log_deletion();
|
| 88 |
+
p->~E();
|
| 89 |
+
::operator delete(p);
|
| 90 |
+
}
|
| 91 |
+
};
|
| 92 |
+
|
| 93 |
void f() {
|
| 94 |
B* bp = new D;
|
| 95 |
delete bp; // 1: uses D::operator delete(void*)
|
| 96 |
+
bp = new E;
|
| 97 |
+
delete bp; // 2: uses E::operator delete(E*, std::destroying_delete_t)
|
| 98 |
}
|
| 99 |
```
|
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
+
Here, storage for the object of class `D` is deallocated by
|
| 102 |
+
`D::operator delete()`, and the object of class `E` is destroyed and its
|
| 103 |
+
storage is deallocated by `E::operator delete()`, due to the virtual
|
| 104 |
+
destructor.
|
| 105 |
|
| 106 |
— *end note*]
|
| 107 |
|
| 108 |
[*Note 2*:
|
| 109 |
|
|
|
|
| 134 |
Access to the deallocation function is checked statically. Hence, even
|
| 135 |
though a different one might actually be executed, the statically
|
| 136 |
visible deallocation function is required to be accessible.
|
| 137 |
|
| 138 |
[*Example 3*: For the call on line “// 1” above, if
|
| 139 |
+
`B::operator delete()` had been private, the delete expression would
|
| 140 |
have been ill-formed. — *end example*]
|
| 141 |
|
| 142 |
[*Note 3*: If a deallocation function has no explicit
|
| 143 |
+
*noexcept-specifier*, it has a non-throwing exception specification
|
| 144 |
+
[[except.spec]]. — *end note*]
|
| 145 |
|
| 146 |
+
<!-- Link reference definitions -->
|
| 147 |
+
[basic.compound]: basic.md#basic.compound
|
| 148 |
+
[basic.def]: basic.md#basic.def
|
| 149 |
+
[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
|
| 150 |
+
[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
|
| 151 |
+
[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
|
| 152 |
+
[basic.lookup]: basic.md#basic.lookup
|
| 153 |
+
[basic.lookup.elab]: basic.md#basic.lookup.elab
|
| 154 |
+
[basic.lookup.qual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.qual
|
| 155 |
+
[basic.lookup.unqual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.unqual
|
| 156 |
+
[basic.lval]: expr.md#basic.lval
|
| 157 |
+
[basic.scope]: basic.md#basic.scope
|
| 158 |
+
[basic.scope.class]: basic.md#basic.scope.class
|
| 159 |
+
[basic.scope.hiding]: basic.md#basic.scope.hiding
|
| 160 |
+
[basic.start.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.start.dynamic
|
| 161 |
+
[basic.start.static]: basic.md#basic.start.static
|
| 162 |
+
[basic.start.term]: basic.md#basic.start.term
|
| 163 |
+
[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
|
| 164 |
+
[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
|
| 165 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
|
| 166 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation
|
| 167 |
+
[basic.stc.static]: basic.md#basic.stc.static
|
| 168 |
+
[basic.stc.thread]: basic.md#basic.stc.thread
|
| 169 |
+
[basic.type.qualifier]: basic.md#basic.type.qualifier
|
| 170 |
+
[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
|
| 171 |
+
[class]: #class
|
| 172 |
+
[class.abstract]: #class.abstract
|
| 173 |
+
[class.access]: #class.access
|
| 174 |
+
[class.access.base]: #class.access.base
|
| 175 |
+
[class.access.nest]: #class.access.nest
|
| 176 |
+
[class.access.spec]: #class.access.spec
|
| 177 |
+
[class.access.virt]: #class.access.virt
|
| 178 |
+
[class.base.init]: #class.base.init
|
| 179 |
+
[class.bit]: #class.bit
|
| 180 |
+
[class.cdtor]: #class.cdtor
|
| 181 |
+
[class.compare]: #class.compare
|
| 182 |
+
[class.compare.default]: #class.compare.default
|
| 183 |
+
[class.compare.secondary]: #class.compare.secondary
|
| 184 |
+
[class.conv]: #class.conv
|
| 185 |
+
[class.conv.ctor]: #class.conv.ctor
|
| 186 |
+
[class.conv.fct]: #class.conv.fct
|
| 187 |
+
[class.copy.assign]: #class.copy.assign
|
| 188 |
+
[class.copy.ctor]: #class.copy.ctor
|
| 189 |
+
[class.copy.elision]: #class.copy.elision
|
| 190 |
+
[class.ctor]: #class.ctor
|
| 191 |
+
[class.default.ctor]: #class.default.ctor
|
| 192 |
+
[class.derived]: #class.derived
|
| 193 |
+
[class.dtor]: #class.dtor
|
| 194 |
+
[class.eq]: #class.eq
|
| 195 |
+
[class.expl.init]: #class.expl.init
|
| 196 |
+
[class.free]: #class.free
|
| 197 |
+
[class.friend]: #class.friend
|
| 198 |
+
[class.inhctor.init]: #class.inhctor.init
|
| 199 |
+
[class.init]: #class.init
|
| 200 |
+
[class.local]: #class.local
|
| 201 |
+
[class.mem]: #class.mem
|
| 202 |
+
[class.member.lookup]: #class.member.lookup
|
| 203 |
+
[class.mfct]: #class.mfct
|
| 204 |
+
[class.mfct.non-static]: #class.mfct.non-static
|
| 205 |
+
[class.mi]: #class.mi
|
| 206 |
+
[class.name]: #class.name
|
| 207 |
+
[class.nest]: #class.nest
|
| 208 |
+
[class.nested.type]: #class.nested.type
|
| 209 |
+
[class.paths]: #class.paths
|
| 210 |
+
[class.pre]: #class.pre
|
| 211 |
+
[class.prop]: #class.prop
|
| 212 |
+
[class.protected]: #class.protected
|
| 213 |
+
[class.qual]: basic.md#class.qual
|
| 214 |
+
[class.spaceship]: #class.spaceship
|
| 215 |
+
[class.static]: #class.static
|
| 216 |
+
[class.static.data]: #class.static.data
|
| 217 |
+
[class.static.mfct]: #class.static.mfct
|
| 218 |
+
[class.temporary]: basic.md#class.temporary
|
| 219 |
+
[class.this]: #class.this
|
| 220 |
+
[class.union]: #class.union
|
| 221 |
+
[class.union.anon]: #class.union.anon
|
| 222 |
+
[class.virtual]: #class.virtual
|
| 223 |
+
[cmp.categories]: support.md#cmp.categories
|
| 224 |
+
[cmp.categories.pre]: support.md#cmp.categories.pre
|
| 225 |
+
[cmp.partialord]: support.md#cmp.partialord
|
| 226 |
+
[cmp.strongord]: support.md#cmp.strongord
|
| 227 |
+
[cmp.weakord]: support.md#cmp.weakord
|
| 228 |
+
[conv]: expr.md#conv
|
| 229 |
+
[conv.mem]: expr.md#conv.mem
|
| 230 |
+
[conv.ptr]: expr.md#conv.ptr
|
| 231 |
+
[conv.rval]: expr.md#conv.rval
|
| 232 |
+
[dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
|
| 233 |
+
[dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr
|
| 234 |
+
[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
|
| 235 |
+
[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
|
| 236 |
+
[dcl.enum]: dcl.md#dcl.enum
|
| 237 |
+
[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
|
| 238 |
+
[dcl.fct.def]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def
|
| 239 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.coroutine
|
| 240 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.delete]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.delete
|
| 241 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.general]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.general
|
| 242 |
+
[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
|
| 243 |
+
[dcl.fct.spec]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.spec
|
| 244 |
+
[dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
|
| 245 |
+
[dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
|
| 246 |
+
[dcl.init.list]: dcl.md#dcl.init.list
|
| 247 |
+
[dcl.init.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.init.ref
|
| 248 |
+
[dcl.inline]: dcl.md#dcl.inline
|
| 249 |
+
[dcl.spec.auto]: dcl.md#dcl.spec.auto
|
| 250 |
+
[dcl.stc]: dcl.md#dcl.stc
|
| 251 |
+
[dcl.type.cv]: dcl.md#dcl.type.cv
|
| 252 |
+
[dcl.type.elab]: dcl.md#dcl.type.elab
|
| 253 |
+
[dcl.type.simple]: dcl.md#dcl.type.simple
|
| 254 |
+
[dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
|
| 255 |
+
[depr.impldec]: future.md#depr.impldec
|
| 256 |
+
[depr.static.constexpr]: future.md#depr.static.constexpr
|
| 257 |
+
[diff.class]: compatibility.md#diff.class
|
| 258 |
+
[except.ctor]: except.md#except.ctor
|
| 259 |
+
[except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
|
| 260 |
+
[except.pre]: except.md#except.pre
|
| 261 |
+
[except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
|
| 262 |
+
[except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
|
| 263 |
+
[expr.ass]: expr.md#expr.ass
|
| 264 |
+
[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
|
| 265 |
+
[expr.cast]: expr.md#expr.cast
|
| 266 |
+
[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
|
| 267 |
+
[expr.const.cast]: expr.md#expr.const.cast
|
| 268 |
+
[expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
|
| 269 |
+
[expr.dynamic.cast]: expr.md#expr.dynamic.cast
|
| 270 |
+
[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
|
| 271 |
+
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
| 272 |
+
[expr.prim.id]: expr.md#expr.prim.id
|
| 273 |
+
[expr.prim.id.dtor]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.dtor
|
| 274 |
+
[expr.prim.id.qual]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.qual
|
| 275 |
+
[expr.prim.this]: expr.md#expr.prim.this
|
| 276 |
+
[expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
|
| 277 |
+
[expr.reinterpret.cast]: expr.md#expr.reinterpret.cast
|
| 278 |
+
[expr.rel]: expr.md#expr.rel
|
| 279 |
+
[expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
|
| 280 |
+
[expr.sub]: expr.md#expr.sub
|
| 281 |
+
[expr.throw]: expr.md#expr.throw
|
| 282 |
+
[expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
|
| 283 |
+
[expr.typeid]: expr.md#expr.typeid
|
| 284 |
+
[expr.unary.op]: expr.md#expr.unary.op
|
| 285 |
+
[intro.execution]: basic.md#intro.execution
|
| 286 |
+
[intro.object]: basic.md#intro.object
|
| 287 |
+
[namespace.def]: dcl.md#namespace.def
|
| 288 |
+
[namespace.memdef]: dcl.md#namespace.memdef
|
| 289 |
+
[namespace.udecl]: dcl.md#namespace.udecl
|
| 290 |
+
[over]: over.md#over
|
| 291 |
+
[over.ass]: over.md#over.ass
|
| 292 |
+
[over.best.ics]: over.md#over.best.ics
|
| 293 |
+
[over.binary]: over.md#over.binary
|
| 294 |
+
[over.ics.ref]: over.md#over.ics.ref
|
| 295 |
+
[over.load]: over.md#over.load
|
| 296 |
+
[over.match]: over.md#over.match
|
| 297 |
+
[over.match.best]: over.md#over.match.best
|
| 298 |
+
[over.match.call]: over.md#over.match.call
|
| 299 |
+
[over.match.copy]: over.md#over.match.copy
|
| 300 |
+
[over.match.funcs]: over.md#over.match.funcs
|
| 301 |
+
[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
|
| 302 |
+
[over.over]: over.md#over.over
|
| 303 |
+
[special]: #special
|
| 304 |
+
[stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
|
| 305 |
+
[stmt.return]: stmt.md#stmt.return
|
| 306 |
+
[stmt.return.coroutine]: stmt.md#stmt.return.coroutine
|
| 307 |
+
[string.classes]: strings.md#string.classes
|
| 308 |
+
[temp.arg]: temp.md#temp.arg
|
| 309 |
+
[temp.class.spec]: temp.md#temp.class.spec
|
| 310 |
+
[temp.constr]: temp.md#temp.constr
|
| 311 |
+
[temp.constr.order]: temp.md#temp.constr.order
|
| 312 |
+
[temp.dep.type]: temp.md#temp.dep.type
|
| 313 |
+
[temp.expl.spec]: temp.md#temp.expl.spec
|
| 314 |
+
[temp.friend]: temp.md#temp.friend
|
| 315 |
+
[temp.inst]: temp.md#temp.inst
|
| 316 |
+
[temp.mem]: temp.md#temp.mem
|
| 317 |
+
[temp.param]: temp.md#temp.param
|
| 318 |
+
[temp.pre]: temp.md#temp.pre
|
| 319 |
+
[temp.spec]: temp.md#temp.spec
|
| 320 |
+
[temp.variadic]: temp.md#temp.variadic
|
| 321 |
+
|
| 322 |
+
[^1]: This ensures that two subobjects that have the same class type and
|
| 323 |
+
that belong to the same most derived object are not allocated at the
|
| 324 |
+
same address [[expr.eq]].
|
| 325 |
+
|
| 326 |
+
[^2]: See, for example, `<cstring>`.
|
| 327 |
+
|
| 328 |
+
[^3]: This implies that the reference parameter of the
|
| 329 |
+
implicitly-declared copy constructor cannot bind to a `volatile`
|
| 330 |
+
lvalue; see [[diff.class]].
|
| 331 |
+
|
| 332 |
+
[^4]: Because a template assignment operator or an assignment operator
|
| 333 |
+
taking an rvalue reference parameter is never a copy assignment
|
| 334 |
+
operator, the presence of such an assignment operator does not
|
| 335 |
+
suppress the implicit declaration of a copy assignment operator.
|
| 336 |
+
Such assignment operators participate in overload resolution with
|
| 337 |
+
other assignment operators, including copy assignment operators,
|
| 338 |
+
and, if selected, will be used to assign an object.
|
| 339 |
+
|
| 340 |
+
[^5]: This implies that the reference parameter of the
|
| 341 |
+
implicitly-declared copy assignment operator cannot bind to a
|
| 342 |
+
`volatile` lvalue; see [[diff.class]].
|
| 343 |
+
|
| 344 |
+
[^6]: These conversions are considered as standard conversions for the
|
| 345 |
+
purposes of overload resolution ([[over.best.ics]],
|
| 346 |
+
[[over.ics.ref]]) and therefore initialization [[dcl.init]] and
|
| 347 |
+
explicit casts [[expr.static.cast]]. A conversion to `void` does not
|
| 348 |
+
invoke any conversion function [[expr.static.cast]]. Even though
|
| 349 |
+
never directly called to perform a conversion, such conversion
|
| 350 |
+
functions can be declared and can potentially be reached through a
|
| 351 |
+
call to a virtual conversion function in a base class.
|
| 352 |
+
|
| 353 |
+
[^7]: The use of the `virtual` specifier in the declaration of an
|
| 354 |
+
overriding function is valid but redundant (has empty semantics).
|
| 355 |
+
|
| 356 |
+
[^8]: If all virtual functions are immediate functions, the class is
|
| 357 |
+
still polymorphic even though its internal representation might not
|
| 358 |
+
otherwise require any additions for that polymorphic behavior.
|
| 359 |
+
|
| 360 |
+
[^9]: A function with the same name but a different parameter list
|
| 361 |
+
[[over]] as a virtual function is not necessarily virtual and does
|
| 362 |
+
not override. Access control [[class.access]] is not considered in
|
| 363 |
+
determining overriding.
|
| 364 |
+
|
| 365 |
+
[^10]: Multi-level pointers to classes or references to multi-level
|
| 366 |
+
pointers to classes are not allowed.
|
| 367 |
+
|
| 368 |
+
[^11]: Access permissions are thus transitive and cumulative to nested
|
| 369 |
+
and local classes.
|
| 370 |
+
|
| 371 |
+
[^12]: As specified previously in [[class.access]], private members of a
|
| 372 |
+
base class remain inaccessible even to derived classes unless friend
|
| 373 |
+
declarations within the base class definition are used to grant
|
| 374 |
+
access explicitly.
|
| 375 |
+
|
| 376 |
+
[^13]: This additional check does not apply to other members, e.g.,
|
| 377 |
+
static data members or enumerator member constants.
|
| 378 |
+
|
| 379 |
+
[^14]: Because only one object is destroyed instead of two, and one
|
| 380 |
+
copy/move constructor is not executed, there is still one object
|
| 381 |
+
destroyed for each one constructed.
|
| 382 |
+
|
| 383 |
+
[^15]: A similar provision is not needed for the array version of
|
| 384 |
+
`operator` `delete` because [[expr.delete]] requires that in this
|
| 385 |
+
situation, the static type of the object to be deleted be the same
|
| 386 |
+
as its dynamic type.
|