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## Acknowledgments <a id="intro.ack">[[intro.ack]]</a>
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The C++ programming language as described in this document is based on
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the language as described in Chapter R (Reference Manual) of Stroustrup:
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*The C++Programming Language* (second edition, Addison-Wesley
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Company, ISBN 0-201-53992-6, copyright ©1991 AT&T). That, in
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based on the C programming language as described in Appendix A
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Kernighan and Ritchie: *The C Programming Language* (Prentice-Hall,
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1978, ISBN 0-13-110163-3, copyright ©1978 AT&T).
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Portions of the library Clauses of this document are based on work by
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P.J. Plauger, which was published as *The Draft Standard C++ Library*
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(Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-117003-1, copyright ©1995 P.J. Plauger).
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@@ -15,133 +15,84 @@ P.J. Plauger, which was published as *The Draft Standard C++Library*
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POSIX® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and
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Electronic Engineers, Inc.
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ECMAScript® is a registered trademark of Ecma International.
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All rights in these originals are reserved.
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<!-- Link reference definitions -->
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[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
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[atomics.flag]: atomics.md#atomics.flag
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[atomics.lockfree]: atomics.md#atomics.lockfree
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[atomics.order]: atomics.md#atomics.order
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[basic]: basic.md#basic
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[basic.compound]: basic.md#basic.compound
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[basic.def]: basic.md#basic.def
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[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
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[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
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[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
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[basic.lval]: basic.md#basic.lval
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[basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
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[basic.start.main]: basic.md#basic.start.main
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[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
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[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
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[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
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[class.access]: class.md#class.access
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[class.
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[class.
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[class.cdtor]: special.md#class.cdtor
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[class.conv.fct]: special.md#class.conv.fct
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[class.derived]: class.md#class.derived
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[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
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[class.temporary]: special.md#class.temporary
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[class.union]: class.md#class.union
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[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
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[compliance]: library.md#compliance
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[conv.
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[cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
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[cpp.include]: cpp.md#cpp.include
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[cpp.replace]: cpp.md#cpp.replace
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[cstddef.syn]: language.md#cstddef.syn
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[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
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[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
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[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
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[dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
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[dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
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[dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
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[definitions]: library.md#definitions
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[defns.block]: #defns.block
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[defns.well.formed]: #defns.well.formed
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[depr]: future.md#depr
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[diff]: compatibility.md#diff
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[diff.library]: compatibility.md#diff.library
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[expr]: expr.md#expr
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[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
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[expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
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[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
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[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
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[expr.
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[expr.
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[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
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[expr.prim.lambda]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda
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[expr.throw]: expr.md#expr.throw
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[gram]: grammar.md#gram
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[implimits]: limits.md#implimits
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[intro]: #intro
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[intro.ack]: #intro.ack
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[intro.compliance]: #intro.compliance
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[intro.defs]: #intro.defs
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[intro.execution]: #intro.execution
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[intro.
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[intro.multithread]: #intro.multithread
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[intro.object]: #intro.object
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[intro.progress]: #intro.progress
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[intro.races]: #intro.races
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[intro.refs]: #intro.refs
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[intro.scope]: #intro.scope
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[intro.structure]: #intro.structure
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[language.support]: language.md#language.support
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[lex]: lex.md#lex
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[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
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[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
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[library]: library.md#library
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[syntax]: #syntax
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[temp.arg]: temp.md#temp.arg
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[temp.deduct]: temp.md#temp.deduct
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[thread]: thread.md#thread
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[
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[^1]: With the qualifications noted in
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[^2]: “Correct execution” can include undefined behavior, depending on
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the data being processed; see
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[[intro.execution]].
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[^3]: This documentation also defines implementation-defined behavior;
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see [[intro.
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[^4]:
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requirement had been obeyed, as far as can be determined from the
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observable behavior of the program. For instance, an actual
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implementation need not evaluate part of an expression if it can
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deduce that its value is not used and that no side effects affecting
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the observable behavior of the program are produced.
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[^7]: This documentation also includes conditionally-supported
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constructs and locale-specific behavior. See [[intro.compliance]].
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[^8]: Overloaded operators are never assumed to be associative or
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commutative.
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[^9]: As specified in [[class.temporary]], after a full-expression is
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evaluated, a sequence of zero or more invocations of destructor
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functions for temporary objects takes place, usually in reverse
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order of the construction of each temporary object.
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[^10]: In other words, function executions do not interleave with each
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other.
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[^11]: An object with automatic or thread storage duration (
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[[basic.stc]]) is associated with one specific thread, and can be
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accessed by a different thread only indirectly through a pointer or
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reference ([[basic.compound]]).
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## Acknowledgments <a id="intro.ack">[[intro.ack]]</a>
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The C++ programming language as described in this document is based on
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the language as described in Chapter R (Reference Manual) of Stroustrup:
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+
*The C++ Programming Language* (second edition, Addison-Wesley
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Publishing Company, ISBN 0-201-53992-6, copyright ©1991 AT&T). That, in
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turn, is based on the C programming language as described in Appendix A
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of Kernighan and Ritchie: *The C Programming Language* (Prentice-Hall,
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1978, ISBN 0-13-110163-3, copyright ©1978 AT&T).
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Portions of the library Clauses of this document are based on work by
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P.J. Plauger, which was published as *The Draft Standard C++ Library*
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(Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-117003-1, copyright ©1995 P.J. Plauger).
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POSIX® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and
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Electronic Engineers, Inc.
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ECMAScript® is a registered trademark of Ecma International.
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Unicode® is a registered trademark of Unicode, Inc.
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All rights in these originals are reserved.
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<!-- Link reference definitions -->
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[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
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[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
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[basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
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[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
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[class.access]: class.md#class.access
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[class.copy.assign]: class.md#class.copy.assign
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[class.ctor]: class.md#class.ctor
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[class.derived]: class.md#class.derived
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[compliance]: library.md#compliance
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[conv.lval]: expr.md#conv.lval
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[cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
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[cpp.replace]: cpp.md#cpp.replace
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[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
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[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
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[dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
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[dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
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[definitions]: library.md#definitions
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[defns.well.formed]: #defns.well.formed
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[depr]: future.md#depr
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[depr.locale.stdcvt]: future.md#depr.locale.stdcvt
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[diff]: compatibility.md#diff
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[diff.library]: compatibility.md#diff.library
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[expr.ass]: expr.md#expr.ass
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[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
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[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
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[expr.post.incr]: expr.md#expr.post.incr
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[expr.pre.incr]: expr.md#expr.pre.incr
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[expr.throw]: expr.md#expr.throw
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[gram]: grammar.md#gram
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[implimits]: limits.md#implimits
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[intro]: #intro
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[intro.abstract]: #intro.abstract
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[intro.ack]: #intro.ack
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[intro.compliance]: #intro.compliance
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[intro.defs]: #intro.defs
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[intro.execution]: basic.md#intro.execution
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[intro.object]: basic.md#intro.object
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[intro.refs]: #intro.refs
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[intro.scope]: #intro.scope
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[intro.structure]: #intro.structure
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[lex]: lex.md#lex
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[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
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[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
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[library]: library.md#library
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[stmt.block]: stmt.md#stmt.block
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[support]: support.md#support
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[syntax]: #syntax
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[temp.arg]: temp.md#temp.arg
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[temp.deduct]: temp.md#temp.deduct
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[thread]: thread.md#thread
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[using.headers]: library.md#using.headers
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[^1]: With the qualifications noted in [[support]] through [[thread]]
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and in [[diff.library]], the C standard library is a subset of the
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C++ standard library.
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[^2]: “Correct execution” can include undefined behavior, depending on
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the data being processed; see [[intro.defs]] and
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[[intro.execution]].
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[^3]: This documentation also defines implementation-defined behavior;
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see [[intro.abstract]].
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[^4]: This provision is sometimes called the “as-if” rule, because an
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implementation is free to disregard any requirement of this document
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as long as the result is *as if* the requirement had been obeyed, as
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far as can be determined from the observable behavior of the
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program. For instance, an actual implementation need not evaluate
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part of an expression if it can deduce that its value is not used
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and that no side effects affecting the observable behavior of the
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program are produced.
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[^5]: This documentation also includes conditionally-supported
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constructs and locale-specific behavior. See [[intro.compliance]].
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