tmp/tmpceezwh56/{from.md → to.md}
RENAMED
|
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
|
|
| 1 |
## Acknowledgments <a id="intro.ack">[[intro.ack]]</a>
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
-
The C++programming language as described in this
|
| 4 |
-
|
| 5 |
-
|
| 6 |
-
|
| 7 |
-
|
| 8 |
-
|
| 9 |
-
|
| 10 |
-
AT&T).
|
| 11 |
|
| 12 |
-
Portions of the library Clauses of this
|
| 13 |
-
|
| 14 |
-
|
| 15 |
-
Plauger).
|
| 16 |
|
| 17 |
POSIX® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and
|
| 18 |
Electronic Engineers, Inc.
|
| 19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 20 |
All rights in these originals are reserved.
|
| 21 |
|
| 22 |
<!-- Link reference definitions -->
|
| 23 |
[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
|
| 24 |
[atomics.flag]: atomics.md#atomics.flag
|
|
@@ -30,95 +30,118 @@ All rights in these originals are reserved.
|
|
| 30 |
[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
|
| 31 |
[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
|
| 32 |
[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
|
| 33 |
[basic.lval]: basic.md#basic.lval
|
| 34 |
[basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
|
|
|
|
| 35 |
[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
|
| 36 |
[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
|
| 37 |
[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
|
| 38 |
[class.access]: class.md#class.access
|
|
|
|
| 39 |
[class.bit]: class.md#class.bit
|
|
|
|
| 40 |
[class.conv.fct]: special.md#class.conv.fct
|
| 41 |
[class.derived]: class.md#class.derived
|
| 42 |
[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
|
| 43 |
[class.temporary]: special.md#class.temporary
|
|
|
|
| 44 |
[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
|
| 45 |
[compliance]: library.md#compliance
|
|
|
|
| 46 |
[cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
|
| 47 |
[cpp.include]: cpp.md#cpp.include
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 48 |
[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
|
| 49 |
[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
|
|
|
|
| 50 |
[dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
|
| 51 |
[dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
|
| 52 |
[definitions]: library.md#definitions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 53 |
[depr]: future.md#depr
|
| 54 |
[diff]: compatibility.md#diff
|
| 55 |
[diff.library]: compatibility.md#diff.library
|
| 56 |
[expr]: expr.md#expr
|
|
|
|
| 57 |
[expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
|
| 58 |
[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
|
|
|
|
| 59 |
[expr.log.and]: expr.md#expr.log.and
|
| 60 |
[expr.log.or]: expr.md#expr.log.or
|
| 61 |
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 62 |
[gram]: grammar.md#gram
|
| 63 |
[implimits]: limits.md#implimits
|
| 64 |
[intro]: #intro
|
| 65 |
[intro.ack]: #intro.ack
|
| 66 |
[intro.compliance]: #intro.compliance
|
| 67 |
[intro.defs]: #intro.defs
|
| 68 |
[intro.execution]: #intro.execution
|
| 69 |
[intro.memory]: #intro.memory
|
| 70 |
[intro.multithread]: #intro.multithread
|
| 71 |
[intro.object]: #intro.object
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 72 |
[intro.refs]: #intro.refs
|
| 73 |
[intro.scope]: #intro.scope
|
| 74 |
[intro.structure]: #intro.structure
|
| 75 |
[language.support]: language.md#language.support
|
| 76 |
[lex]: lex.md#lex
|
| 77 |
[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
|
| 78 |
[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
|
| 79 |
[library]: library.md#library
|
| 80 |
[syntax]: #syntax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 81 |
[thread]: thread.md#thread
|
|
|
|
| 82 |
|
| 83 |
[^1]: With the qualifications noted in Clauses [[language.support]]
|
| 84 |
through [[thread]] and in [[diff.library]], the C standard library
|
| 85 |
is a subset of the C++standard library.
|
| 86 |
|
| 87 |
[^2]: “Correct execution” can include undefined behavior, depending on
|
| 88 |
-
the data being processed; see [[intro.defs]] and
|
| 89 |
[[intro.execution]].
|
| 90 |
|
| 91 |
[^3]: This documentation also defines implementation-defined behavior;
|
| 92 |
see [[intro.execution]].
|
| 93 |
|
| 94 |
-
[^4]:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 95 |
objects at the same machine address or not store an object at all if
|
| 96 |
the program cannot observe the difference ([[intro.execution]]).
|
| 97 |
|
| 98 |
-
[^
|
| 99 |
implementation is free to disregard any requirement of this
|
| 100 |
International Standard as long as the result is *as if* the
|
| 101 |
requirement had been obeyed, as far as can be determined from the
|
| 102 |
observable behavior of the program. For instance, an actual
|
| 103 |
implementation need not evaluate part of an expression if it can
|
| 104 |
deduce that its value is not used and that no side effects affecting
|
| 105 |
the observable behavior of the program are produced.
|
| 106 |
|
| 107 |
-
[^
|
| 108 |
constructs and locale-specific behavior. See [[intro.compliance]].
|
| 109 |
|
| 110 |
-
[^
|
| 111 |
commutative.
|
| 112 |
|
| 113 |
-
[^
|
| 114 |
evaluated, a sequence of zero or more invocations of destructor
|
| 115 |
functions for temporary objects takes place, usually in reverse
|
| 116 |
order of the construction of each temporary object.
|
| 117 |
|
| 118 |
-
[^
|
| 119 |
other.
|
| 120 |
|
| 121 |
-
[^
|
| 122 |
[[basic.stc]]) is associated with one specific thread, and can be
|
| 123 |
accessed by a different thread only indirectly through a pointer or
|
| 124 |
reference ([[basic.compound]]).
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
## Acknowledgments <a id="intro.ack">[[intro.ack]]</a>
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
+
The C++programming language as described in this document is based on
|
| 4 |
+
the language as described in Chapter R (Reference Manual) of Stroustrup:
|
| 5 |
+
*The C++Programming Language* (second edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing
|
| 6 |
+
Company, ISBN 0-201-53992-6, copyright ©1991 AT&T). That, in turn, is
|
| 7 |
+
based on the C programming language as described in Appendix A of
|
| 8 |
+
Kernighan and Ritchie: *The C Programming Language* (Prentice-Hall,
|
| 9 |
+
1978, ISBN 0-13-110163-3, copyright ©1978 AT&T).
|
|
|
|
| 10 |
|
| 11 |
+
Portions of the library Clauses of this document are based on work by
|
| 12 |
+
P.J. Plauger, which was published as *The Draft Standard C++Library*
|
| 13 |
+
(Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-117003-1, copyright ©1995 P.J. Plauger).
|
|
|
|
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
POSIX® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and
|
| 16 |
Electronic Engineers, Inc.
|
| 17 |
|
| 18 |
+
ECMAScript® is a registered trademark of Ecma International.
|
| 19 |
+
|
| 20 |
All rights in these originals are reserved.
|
| 21 |
|
| 22 |
<!-- Link reference definitions -->
|
| 23 |
[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
|
| 24 |
[atomics.flag]: atomics.md#atomics.flag
|
|
|
|
| 30 |
[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
|
| 31 |
[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
|
| 32 |
[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
|
| 33 |
[basic.lval]: basic.md#basic.lval
|
| 34 |
[basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
|
| 35 |
+
[basic.start.main]: basic.md#basic.start.main
|
| 36 |
[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
|
| 37 |
[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
|
| 38 |
[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
|
| 39 |
[class.access]: class.md#class.access
|
| 40 |
+
[class.base.init]: special.md#class.base.init
|
| 41 |
[class.bit]: class.md#class.bit
|
| 42 |
+
[class.cdtor]: special.md#class.cdtor
|
| 43 |
[class.conv.fct]: special.md#class.conv.fct
|
| 44 |
[class.derived]: class.md#class.derived
|
| 45 |
[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
|
| 46 |
[class.temporary]: special.md#class.temporary
|
| 47 |
+
[class.union]: class.md#class.union
|
| 48 |
[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
|
| 49 |
[compliance]: library.md#compliance
|
| 50 |
+
[conv.rval]: conv.md#conv.rval
|
| 51 |
[cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
|
| 52 |
[cpp.include]: cpp.md#cpp.include
|
| 53 |
+
[cpp.replace]: cpp.md#cpp.replace
|
| 54 |
+
[cstddef.syn]: language.md#cstddef.syn
|
| 55 |
+
[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
|
| 56 |
[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
|
| 57 |
[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
|
| 58 |
+
[dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
|
| 59 |
[dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
|
| 60 |
[dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
|
| 61 |
[definitions]: library.md#definitions
|
| 62 |
+
[defns.block]: #defns.block
|
| 63 |
+
[defns.well.formed]: #defns.well.formed
|
| 64 |
[depr]: future.md#depr
|
| 65 |
[diff]: compatibility.md#diff
|
| 66 |
[diff.library]: compatibility.md#diff.library
|
| 67 |
[expr]: expr.md#expr
|
| 68 |
+
[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
|
| 69 |
[expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
|
| 70 |
[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
|
| 71 |
+
[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
|
| 72 |
[expr.log.and]: expr.md#expr.log.and
|
| 73 |
[expr.log.or]: expr.md#expr.log.or
|
| 74 |
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
| 75 |
+
[expr.prim.lambda]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda
|
| 76 |
+
[expr.throw]: expr.md#expr.throw
|
| 77 |
[gram]: grammar.md#gram
|
| 78 |
[implimits]: limits.md#implimits
|
| 79 |
[intro]: #intro
|
| 80 |
[intro.ack]: #intro.ack
|
| 81 |
[intro.compliance]: #intro.compliance
|
| 82 |
[intro.defs]: #intro.defs
|
| 83 |
[intro.execution]: #intro.execution
|
| 84 |
[intro.memory]: #intro.memory
|
| 85 |
[intro.multithread]: #intro.multithread
|
| 86 |
[intro.object]: #intro.object
|
| 87 |
+
[intro.progress]: #intro.progress
|
| 88 |
+
[intro.races]: #intro.races
|
| 89 |
[intro.refs]: #intro.refs
|
| 90 |
[intro.scope]: #intro.scope
|
| 91 |
[intro.structure]: #intro.structure
|
| 92 |
[language.support]: language.md#language.support
|
| 93 |
[lex]: lex.md#lex
|
| 94 |
[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
|
| 95 |
[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
|
| 96 |
[library]: library.md#library
|
| 97 |
[syntax]: #syntax
|
| 98 |
+
[temp.arg]: temp.md#temp.arg
|
| 99 |
+
[temp.deduct]: temp.md#temp.deduct
|
| 100 |
[thread]: thread.md#thread
|
| 101 |
+
[thread.thread.class]: thread.md#thread.thread.class
|
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
[^1]: With the qualifications noted in Clauses [[language.support]]
|
| 104 |
through [[thread]] and in [[diff.library]], the C standard library
|
| 105 |
is a subset of the C++standard library.
|
| 106 |
|
| 107 |
[^2]: “Correct execution” can include undefined behavior, depending on
|
| 108 |
+
the data being processed; see Clause [[intro.defs]] and
|
| 109 |
[[intro.execution]].
|
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
[^3]: This documentation also defines implementation-defined behavior;
|
| 112 |
see [[intro.execution]].
|
| 113 |
|
| 114 |
+
[^4]: The number of bits in a byte is reported by the macro `CHAR_BIT`
|
| 115 |
+
in the header `<climits>`.
|
| 116 |
+
|
| 117 |
+
[^5]: Under the “as-if” rule an implementation is allowed to store two
|
| 118 |
objects at the same machine address or not store an object at all if
|
| 119 |
the program cannot observe the difference ([[intro.execution]]).
|
| 120 |
|
| 121 |
+
[^6]: This provision is sometimes called the “as-if” rule, because an
|
| 122 |
implementation is free to disregard any requirement of this
|
| 123 |
International Standard as long as the result is *as if* the
|
| 124 |
requirement had been obeyed, as far as can be determined from the
|
| 125 |
observable behavior of the program. For instance, an actual
|
| 126 |
implementation need not evaluate part of an expression if it can
|
| 127 |
deduce that its value is not used and that no side effects affecting
|
| 128 |
the observable behavior of the program are produced.
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
+
[^7]: This documentation also includes conditionally-supported
|
| 131 |
constructs and locale-specific behavior. See [[intro.compliance]].
|
| 132 |
|
| 133 |
+
[^8]: Overloaded operators are never assumed to be associative or
|
| 134 |
commutative.
|
| 135 |
|
| 136 |
+
[^9]: As specified in [[class.temporary]], after a full-expression is
|
| 137 |
evaluated, a sequence of zero or more invocations of destructor
|
| 138 |
functions for temporary objects takes place, usually in reverse
|
| 139 |
order of the construction of each temporary object.
|
| 140 |
|
| 141 |
+
[^10]: In other words, function executions do not interleave with each
|
| 142 |
other.
|
| 143 |
|
| 144 |
+
[^11]: An object with automatic or thread storage duration (
|
| 145 |
[[basic.stc]]) is associated with one specific thread, and can be
|
| 146 |
accessed by a different thread only indirectly through a pointer or
|
| 147 |
reference ([[basic.compound]]).
|