- tmp/tmp752vbr9h/{from.md → to.md} +392 -24
tmp/tmp752vbr9h/{from.md → to.md}
RENAMED
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@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
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-
### Termination <a id="basic.start.term">[[basic.start.term]]</a>
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-
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-
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-
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-
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`std::exit` is sequenced before the invocations of the destructors and
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the registered functions.
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[*Note 1*: Returning from `main` invokes `std::exit`
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[[basic.start.main]]
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-
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storage duration.
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If the completion of the constructor or dynamic initialization of an
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object with static storage duration strongly happens before that of
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another, the completion of the destructor of the second is sequenced
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before the initiation of the destructor of the first. If the completion
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@@ -29,12 +26,12 @@ destructor of the first. If an object is initialized statically, the
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object is destroyed in the same order as if the object was dynamically
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initialized. For an object of array or class type, all subobjects of
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that object are destroyed before any block-scope object with static
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storage duration initialized during the construction of the subobjects
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is destroyed. If the destruction of an object with static or thread
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storage duration exits via an exception, `std::terminate`
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[[except.terminate]]
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If a function contains a block-scope object of static or thread storage
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duration that has been destroyed and the function is called during the
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destruction of an object with static or thread storage duration, the
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program has undefined behavior if the flow of control passes through the
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@@ -42,26 +39,26 @@ definition of the previously destroyed block-scope object. Likewise, the
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behavior is undefined if the block-scope object is used indirectly
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(i.e., through a pointer) after its destruction.
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If the completion of the initialization of an object with static storage
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duration strongly happens before a call to `std::atexit` (see
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`<cstdlib>`,
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-
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object. If a call to `std::atexit` strongly happens before the
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completion of the initialization of an object with static storage
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duration, the call to the destructor for the object is sequenced before
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the call to the function passed to `std::atexit`. If a call to
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`std::atexit` strongly happens before another call to `std::atexit`, the
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call to the function passed to the second `std::atexit` call is
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sequenced before the call to the function passed to the first
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`std::atexit` call.
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If there is a use of a standard library object or function not permitted
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-
within signal handlers
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-
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-
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-
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[*Note 2*: If there is a use of an object with static storage duration
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that does not happen before the object’s destruction, the program has
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undefined behavior. Terminating every thread before a call to
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`std::exit` or the exit from `main` is sufficient, but not necessary, to
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@@ -70,5 +67,376 @@ static-storage-duration objects. — *end note*]
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Calling the function `std::abort()` declared in `<cstdlib>` terminates
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the program without executing any destructors and without calling the
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functions passed to `std::atexit()` or `std::at_quick_exit()`.
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| 1 |
+
#### Termination <a id="basic.start.term">[[basic.start.term]]</a>
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| 2 |
|
| 3 |
+
Constructed objects [[dcl.init]] with static storage duration are
|
| 4 |
+
destroyed and functions registered with `std::atexit` are called as part
|
| 5 |
+
of a call to `std::exit` [[support.start.term]]. The call to `std::exit`
|
| 6 |
+
is sequenced before the destructions and the registered functions.
|
|
|
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|
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| 7 |
|
| 8 |
+
[*Note 1*: Returning from `main` invokes `std::exit`
|
| 9 |
+
[[basic.start.main]]. — *end note*]
|
| 10 |
|
| 11 |
+
Constructed objects with thread storage duration within a given thread
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| 12 |
+
are destroyed as a result of returning from the initial function of that
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| 13 |
+
thread and as a result of that thread calling `std::exit`. The
|
| 14 |
+
destruction of all constructed objects with thread storage duration
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| 15 |
+
within that thread strongly happens before destroying any object with
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| 16 |
+
static storage duration.
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|
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| 17 |
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| 18 |
If the completion of the constructor or dynamic initialization of an
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| 19 |
object with static storage duration strongly happens before that of
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| 20 |
another, the completion of the destructor of the second is sequenced
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| 21 |
before the initiation of the destructor of the first. If the completion
|
|
|
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| 26 |
object is destroyed in the same order as if the object was dynamically
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| 27 |
initialized. For an object of array or class type, all subobjects of
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| 28 |
that object are destroyed before any block-scope object with static
|
| 29 |
storage duration initialized during the construction of the subobjects
|
| 30 |
is destroyed. If the destruction of an object with static or thread
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| 31 |
+
storage duration exits via an exception, the function `std::terminate`
|
| 32 |
+
is called [[except.terminate]].
|
| 33 |
|
| 34 |
If a function contains a block-scope object of static or thread storage
|
| 35 |
duration that has been destroyed and the function is called during the
|
| 36 |
destruction of an object with static or thread storage duration, the
|
| 37 |
program has undefined behavior if the flow of control passes through the
|
|
|
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| 39 |
behavior is undefined if the block-scope object is used indirectly
|
| 40 |
(i.e., through a pointer) after its destruction.
|
| 41 |
|
| 42 |
If the completion of the initialization of an object with static storage
|
| 43 |
duration strongly happens before a call to `std::atexit` (see
|
| 44 |
+
`<cstdlib>`, [[support.start.term]]), the call to the function passed to
|
| 45 |
+
`std::atexit` is sequenced before the call to the destructor for the
|
| 46 |
object. If a call to `std::atexit` strongly happens before the
|
| 47 |
completion of the initialization of an object with static storage
|
| 48 |
duration, the call to the destructor for the object is sequenced before
|
| 49 |
the call to the function passed to `std::atexit`. If a call to
|
| 50 |
`std::atexit` strongly happens before another call to `std::atexit`, the
|
| 51 |
call to the function passed to the second `std::atexit` call is
|
| 52 |
sequenced before the call to the function passed to the first
|
| 53 |
`std::atexit` call.
|
| 54 |
|
| 55 |
If there is a use of a standard library object or function not permitted
|
| 56 |
+
within signal handlers [[support.runtime]] that does not happen before
|
| 57 |
+
[[intro.multithread]] completion of destruction of objects with static
|
| 58 |
+
storage duration and execution of `std::atexit` registered functions
|
| 59 |
+
[[support.start.term]], the program has undefined behavior.
|
| 60 |
|
| 61 |
[*Note 2*: If there is a use of an object with static storage duration
|
| 62 |
that does not happen before the object’s destruction, the program has
|
| 63 |
undefined behavior. Terminating every thread before a call to
|
| 64 |
`std::exit` or the exit from `main` is sufficient, but not necessary, to
|
|
|
|
| 67 |
|
| 68 |
Calling the function `std::abort()` declared in `<cstdlib>` terminates
|
| 69 |
the program without executing any destructors and without calling the
|
| 70 |
functions passed to `std::atexit()` or `std::at_quick_exit()`.
|
| 71 |
|
| 72 |
+
<!-- Link reference definitions -->
|
| 73 |
+
[allocator.members]: utilities.md#allocator.members
|
| 74 |
+
[allocator.traits.members]: utilities.md#allocator.traits.members
|
| 75 |
+
[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
|
| 76 |
+
[atomics.flag]: atomics.md#atomics.flag
|
| 77 |
+
[atomics.lockfree]: atomics.md#atomics.lockfree
|
| 78 |
+
[atomics.order]: atomics.md#atomics.order
|
| 79 |
+
[bad.alloc]: support.md#bad.alloc
|
| 80 |
+
[basic]: #basic
|
| 81 |
+
[basic.align]: #basic.align
|
| 82 |
+
[basic.compound]: #basic.compound
|
| 83 |
+
[basic.def]: #basic.def
|
| 84 |
+
[basic.def.odr]: #basic.def.odr
|
| 85 |
+
[basic.exec]: #basic.exec
|
| 86 |
+
[basic.fundamental]: #basic.fundamental
|
| 87 |
+
[basic.fundamental.width]: #basic.fundamental.width
|
| 88 |
+
[basic.funscope]: #basic.funscope
|
| 89 |
+
[basic.indet]: #basic.indet
|
| 90 |
+
[basic.life]: #basic.life
|
| 91 |
+
[basic.link]: #basic.link
|
| 92 |
+
[basic.lookup]: #basic.lookup
|
| 93 |
+
[basic.lookup.argdep]: #basic.lookup.argdep
|
| 94 |
+
[basic.lookup.classref]: #basic.lookup.classref
|
| 95 |
+
[basic.lookup.elab]: #basic.lookup.elab
|
| 96 |
+
[basic.lookup.qual]: #basic.lookup.qual
|
| 97 |
+
[basic.lookup.udir]: #basic.lookup.udir
|
| 98 |
+
[basic.lookup.unqual]: #basic.lookup.unqual
|
| 99 |
+
[basic.lval]: expr.md#basic.lval
|
| 100 |
+
[basic.memobj]: #basic.memobj
|
| 101 |
+
[basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
|
| 102 |
+
[basic.pre]: #basic.pre
|
| 103 |
+
[basic.scope]: #basic.scope
|
| 104 |
+
[basic.scope.block]: #basic.scope.block
|
| 105 |
+
[basic.scope.class]: #basic.scope.class
|
| 106 |
+
[basic.scope.declarative]: #basic.scope.declarative
|
| 107 |
+
[basic.scope.enum]: #basic.scope.enum
|
| 108 |
+
[basic.scope.hiding]: #basic.scope.hiding
|
| 109 |
+
[basic.scope.namespace]: #basic.scope.namespace
|
| 110 |
+
[basic.scope.param]: #basic.scope.param
|
| 111 |
+
[basic.scope.pdecl]: #basic.scope.pdecl
|
| 112 |
+
[basic.scope.temp]: #basic.scope.temp
|
| 113 |
+
[basic.start]: #basic.start
|
| 114 |
+
[basic.start.dynamic]: #basic.start.dynamic
|
| 115 |
+
[basic.start.main]: #basic.start.main
|
| 116 |
+
[basic.start.static]: #basic.start.static
|
| 117 |
+
[basic.start.term]: #basic.start.term
|
| 118 |
+
[basic.stc]: #basic.stc
|
| 119 |
+
[basic.stc.auto]: #basic.stc.auto
|
| 120 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic]: #basic.stc.dynamic
|
| 121 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.allocation]: #basic.stc.dynamic.allocation
|
| 122 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]: #basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation
|
| 123 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.safety]: #basic.stc.dynamic.safety
|
| 124 |
+
[basic.stc.inherit]: #basic.stc.inherit
|
| 125 |
+
[basic.stc.static]: #basic.stc.static
|
| 126 |
+
[basic.stc.thread]: #basic.stc.thread
|
| 127 |
+
[basic.type.qualifier]: #basic.type.qualifier
|
| 128 |
+
[basic.type.qualifier.rel]: #basic.type.qualifier.rel
|
| 129 |
+
[basic.types]: #basic.types
|
| 130 |
+
[bit.cast]: numerics.md#bit.cast
|
| 131 |
+
[c.malloc]: utilities.md#c.malloc
|
| 132 |
+
[class]: class.md#class
|
| 133 |
+
[class.abstract]: class.md#class.abstract
|
| 134 |
+
[class.access]: class.md#class.access
|
| 135 |
+
[class.base.init]: class.md#class.base.init
|
| 136 |
+
[class.bit]: class.md#class.bit
|
| 137 |
+
[class.cdtor]: class.md#class.cdtor
|
| 138 |
+
[class.conv.fct]: class.md#class.conv.fct
|
| 139 |
+
[class.copy.assign]: class.md#class.copy.assign
|
| 140 |
+
[class.copy.ctor]: class.md#class.copy.ctor
|
| 141 |
+
[class.copy.elision]: class.md#class.copy.elision
|
| 142 |
+
[class.default.ctor]: class.md#class.default.ctor
|
| 143 |
+
[class.derived]: class.md#class.derived
|
| 144 |
+
[class.dtor]: class.md#class.dtor
|
| 145 |
+
[class.free]: class.md#class.free
|
| 146 |
+
[class.friend]: class.md#class.friend
|
| 147 |
+
[class.local]: class.md#class.local
|
| 148 |
+
[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
|
| 149 |
+
[class.member.lookup]: class.md#class.member.lookup
|
| 150 |
+
[class.mfct]: class.md#class.mfct
|
| 151 |
+
[class.mfct.non-static]: class.md#class.mfct.non-static
|
| 152 |
+
[class.name]: class.md#class.name
|
| 153 |
+
[class.nest]: class.md#class.nest
|
| 154 |
+
[class.pre]: class.md#class.pre
|
| 155 |
+
[class.prop]: class.md#class.prop
|
| 156 |
+
[class.qual]: #class.qual
|
| 157 |
+
[class.spaceship]: class.md#class.spaceship
|
| 158 |
+
[class.static]: class.md#class.static
|
| 159 |
+
[class.static.data]: class.md#class.static.data
|
| 160 |
+
[class.temporary]: #class.temporary
|
| 161 |
+
[class.this]: class.md#class.this
|
| 162 |
+
[class.union]: class.md#class.union
|
| 163 |
+
[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
|
| 164 |
+
[conv]: expr.md#conv
|
| 165 |
+
[conv.array]: expr.md#conv.array
|
| 166 |
+
[conv.func]: expr.md#conv.func
|
| 167 |
+
[conv.integral]: expr.md#conv.integral
|
| 168 |
+
[conv.lval]: expr.md#conv.lval
|
| 169 |
+
[conv.mem]: expr.md#conv.mem
|
| 170 |
+
[conv.prom]: expr.md#conv.prom
|
| 171 |
+
[conv.ptr]: expr.md#conv.ptr
|
| 172 |
+
[conv.rank]: #conv.rank
|
| 173 |
+
[conv.rval]: expr.md#conv.rval
|
| 174 |
+
[cpp.predefined]: cpp.md#cpp.predefined
|
| 175 |
+
[cstddef.syn]: support.md#cstddef.syn
|
| 176 |
+
[cstring.syn]: strings.md#cstring.syn
|
| 177 |
+
[dcl.align]: dcl.md#dcl.align
|
| 178 |
+
[dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
|
| 179 |
+
[dcl.attr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr
|
| 180 |
+
[dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr
|
| 181 |
+
[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
|
| 182 |
+
[dcl.dcl]: dcl.md#dcl.dcl
|
| 183 |
+
[dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
|
| 184 |
+
[dcl.enum]: dcl.md#dcl.enum
|
| 185 |
+
[dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
|
| 186 |
+
[dcl.fct.def]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def
|
| 187 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.coroutine
|
| 188 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.general]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.general
|
| 189 |
+
[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
|
| 190 |
+
[dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
|
| 191 |
+
[dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
|
| 192 |
+
[dcl.init.list]: dcl.md#dcl.init.list
|
| 193 |
+
[dcl.init.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.init.ref
|
| 194 |
+
[dcl.inline]: dcl.md#dcl.inline
|
| 195 |
+
[dcl.link]: dcl.md#dcl.link
|
| 196 |
+
[dcl.meaning]: dcl.md#dcl.meaning
|
| 197 |
+
[dcl.mptr]: dcl.md#dcl.mptr
|
| 198 |
+
[dcl.name]: dcl.md#dcl.name
|
| 199 |
+
[dcl.pre]: dcl.md#dcl.pre
|
| 200 |
+
[dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
|
| 201 |
+
[dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
|
| 202 |
+
[dcl.spec]: dcl.md#dcl.spec
|
| 203 |
+
[dcl.spec.auto]: dcl.md#dcl.spec.auto
|
| 204 |
+
[dcl.stc]: dcl.md#dcl.stc
|
| 205 |
+
[dcl.struct.bind]: dcl.md#dcl.struct.bind
|
| 206 |
+
[dcl.type.elab]: dcl.md#dcl.type.elab
|
| 207 |
+
[dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
|
| 208 |
+
[defns.block]: intro.md#defns.block
|
| 209 |
+
[defns.signature]: intro.md#defns.signature
|
| 210 |
+
[defns.signature.templ]: intro.md#defns.signature.templ
|
| 211 |
+
[depr.local]: future.md#depr.local
|
| 212 |
+
[depr.static.constexpr]: future.md#depr.static.constexpr
|
| 213 |
+
[diff.cpp11.basic]: compatibility.md#diff.cpp11.basic
|
| 214 |
+
[enum.udecl]: dcl.md#enum.udecl
|
| 215 |
+
[except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
|
| 216 |
+
[except.pre]: except.md#except.pre
|
| 217 |
+
[except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
|
| 218 |
+
[except.terminate]: except.md#except.terminate
|
| 219 |
+
[except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
|
| 220 |
+
[expr]: expr.md#expr
|
| 221 |
+
[expr.add]: expr.md#expr.add
|
| 222 |
+
[expr.alignof]: expr.md#expr.alignof
|
| 223 |
+
[expr.arith.conv]: expr.md#expr.arith.conv
|
| 224 |
+
[expr.ass]: expr.md#expr.ass
|
| 225 |
+
[expr.await]: expr.md#expr.await
|
| 226 |
+
[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
|
| 227 |
+
[expr.cast]: expr.md#expr.cast
|
| 228 |
+
[expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
|
| 229 |
+
[expr.compound]: expr.md#expr.compound
|
| 230 |
+
[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
|
| 231 |
+
[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
|
| 232 |
+
[expr.const.cast]: expr.md#expr.const.cast
|
| 233 |
+
[expr.context]: expr.md#expr.context
|
| 234 |
+
[expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
|
| 235 |
+
[expr.dynamic.cast]: expr.md#expr.dynamic.cast
|
| 236 |
+
[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
|
| 237 |
+
[expr.log.and]: expr.md#expr.log.and
|
| 238 |
+
[expr.log.or]: expr.md#expr.log.or
|
| 239 |
+
[expr.mptr.oper]: expr.md#expr.mptr.oper
|
| 240 |
+
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
| 241 |
+
[expr.pre]: expr.md#expr.pre
|
| 242 |
+
[expr.prim.id]: expr.md#expr.prim.id
|
| 243 |
+
[expr.prim.id.dtor]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.dtor
|
| 244 |
+
[expr.prim.id.qual]: expr.md#expr.prim.id.qual
|
| 245 |
+
[expr.prim.lambda]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda
|
| 246 |
+
[expr.prim.lambda.capture]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda.capture
|
| 247 |
+
[expr.prim.lambda.closure]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda.closure
|
| 248 |
+
[expr.prim.this]: expr.md#expr.prim.this
|
| 249 |
+
[expr.prop]: expr.md#expr.prop
|
| 250 |
+
[expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
|
| 251 |
+
[expr.reinterpret.cast]: expr.md#expr.reinterpret.cast
|
| 252 |
+
[expr.rel]: expr.md#expr.rel
|
| 253 |
+
[expr.sizeof]: expr.md#expr.sizeof
|
| 254 |
+
[expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
|
| 255 |
+
[expr.sub]: expr.md#expr.sub
|
| 256 |
+
[expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
|
| 257 |
+
[expr.typeid]: expr.md#expr.typeid
|
| 258 |
+
[expr.unary.op]: expr.md#expr.unary.op
|
| 259 |
+
[get.new.handler]: support.md#get.new.handler
|
| 260 |
+
[headers]: library.md#headers
|
| 261 |
+
[intro.execution]: #intro.execution
|
| 262 |
+
[intro.memory]: #intro.memory
|
| 263 |
+
[intro.multithread]: #intro.multithread
|
| 264 |
+
[intro.object]: #intro.object
|
| 265 |
+
[intro.progress]: #intro.progress
|
| 266 |
+
[intro.races]: #intro.races
|
| 267 |
+
[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
|
| 268 |
+
[lex.name]: lex.md#lex.name
|
| 269 |
+
[lex.separate]: lex.md#lex.separate
|
| 270 |
+
[locale]: localization.md#locale
|
| 271 |
+
[meta.trans.other]: utilities.md#meta.trans.other
|
| 272 |
+
[module.context]: module.md#module.context
|
| 273 |
+
[module.global.frag]: module.md#module.global.frag
|
| 274 |
+
[module.import]: module.md#module.import
|
| 275 |
+
[module.interface]: module.md#module.interface
|
| 276 |
+
[module.reach]: module.md#module.reach
|
| 277 |
+
[module.unit]: module.md#module.unit
|
| 278 |
+
[multibyte.strings]: library.md#multibyte.strings
|
| 279 |
+
[namespace.def]: dcl.md#namespace.def
|
| 280 |
+
[namespace.memdef]: dcl.md#namespace.memdef
|
| 281 |
+
[namespace.qual]: #namespace.qual
|
| 282 |
+
[namespace.udecl]: dcl.md#namespace.udecl
|
| 283 |
+
[namespace.udir]: dcl.md#namespace.udir
|
| 284 |
+
[new.delete]: support.md#new.delete
|
| 285 |
+
[new.delete.array]: support.md#new.delete.array
|
| 286 |
+
[new.delete.placement]: support.md#new.delete.placement
|
| 287 |
+
[new.delete.single]: support.md#new.delete.single
|
| 288 |
+
[new.handler]: support.md#new.handler
|
| 289 |
+
[over]: over.md#over
|
| 290 |
+
[over.literal]: over.md#over.literal
|
| 291 |
+
[over.match]: over.md#over.match
|
| 292 |
+
[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
|
| 293 |
+
[over.over]: over.md#over.over
|
| 294 |
+
[ptr.align]: utilities.md#ptr.align
|
| 295 |
+
[ptr.launder]: support.md#ptr.launder
|
| 296 |
+
[replacement.functions]: library.md#replacement.functions
|
| 297 |
+
[special]: class.md#special
|
| 298 |
+
[stmt.block]: stmt.md#stmt.block
|
| 299 |
+
[stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
|
| 300 |
+
[stmt.expr]: stmt.md#stmt.expr
|
| 301 |
+
[stmt.goto]: stmt.md#stmt.goto
|
| 302 |
+
[stmt.if]: stmt.md#stmt.if
|
| 303 |
+
[stmt.label]: stmt.md#stmt.label
|
| 304 |
+
[stmt.ranged]: stmt.md#stmt.ranged
|
| 305 |
+
[stmt.return]: stmt.md#stmt.return
|
| 306 |
+
[support.dynamic]: support.md#support.dynamic
|
| 307 |
+
[support.limits]: support.md#support.limits
|
| 308 |
+
[support.runtime]: support.md#support.runtime
|
| 309 |
+
[support.start.term]: support.md#support.start.term
|
| 310 |
+
[support.types]: support.md#support.types
|
| 311 |
+
[temp.deduct.guide]: temp.md#temp.deduct.guide
|
| 312 |
+
[temp.dep]: temp.md#temp.dep
|
| 313 |
+
[temp.dep.candidate]: temp.md#temp.dep.candidate
|
| 314 |
+
[temp.expl.spec]: temp.md#temp.expl.spec
|
| 315 |
+
[temp.explicit]: temp.md#temp.explicit
|
| 316 |
+
[temp.local]: temp.md#temp.local
|
| 317 |
+
[temp.names]: temp.md#temp.names
|
| 318 |
+
[temp.nondep]: temp.md#temp.nondep
|
| 319 |
+
[temp.over]: temp.md#temp.over
|
| 320 |
+
[temp.param]: temp.md#temp.param
|
| 321 |
+
[temp.point]: temp.md#temp.point
|
| 322 |
+
[temp.pre]: temp.md#temp.pre
|
| 323 |
+
[temp.res]: temp.md#temp.res
|
| 324 |
+
[temp.spec]: temp.md#temp.spec
|
| 325 |
+
[temp.type]: temp.md#temp.type
|
| 326 |
+
[thread]: thread.md#thread
|
| 327 |
+
[thread.jthread.class]: thread.md#thread.jthread.class
|
| 328 |
+
[thread.thread.class]: thread.md#thread.thread.class
|
| 329 |
+
[thread.threads]: thread.md#thread.threads
|
| 330 |
+
[util.dynamic.safety]: utilities.md#util.dynamic.safety
|
| 331 |
+
|
| 332 |
+
[^1]: Appearing inside the brace-enclosed *declaration-seq* in a
|
| 333 |
+
*linkage-specification* does not affect whether a declaration is a
|
| 334 |
+
definition.
|
| 335 |
+
|
| 336 |
+
[^2]: An implementation is not required to call allocation and
|
| 337 |
+
deallocation functions from constructors or destructors; however,
|
| 338 |
+
this is a permissible implementation technique.
|
| 339 |
+
|
| 340 |
+
[^3]: This refers to unqualified names that occur, for instance, in a
|
| 341 |
+
type or default argument in the *parameter-declaration-clause* or
|
| 342 |
+
used in the function body.
|
| 343 |
+
|
| 344 |
+
[^4]: This refers to unqualified names following the class name; such a
|
| 345 |
+
name may be used in a *base-specifier* or in the
|
| 346 |
+
*member-specification* of the class definition.
|
| 347 |
+
|
| 348 |
+
[^5]: This lookup applies whether the definition of `X` is nested within
|
| 349 |
+
`Y`’s definition or whether `X`’s definition appears in a namespace
|
| 350 |
+
scope enclosing `Y`’s definition [[class.nest]].
|
| 351 |
+
|
| 352 |
+
[^6]: That is, an unqualified name that occurs, for instance, in a type
|
| 353 |
+
in the *parameter-declaration-clause* or in the
|
| 354 |
+
*noexcept-specifier*.
|
| 355 |
+
|
| 356 |
+
[^7]: This lookup applies whether the member function is defined within
|
| 357 |
+
the definition of class `X` or whether the member function is
|
| 358 |
+
defined in a namespace scope enclosing `X`’s definition.
|
| 359 |
+
|
| 360 |
+
[^8]: Lookups in which function names are ignored include names
|
| 361 |
+
appearing in a *nested-name-specifier*, an
|
| 362 |
+
*elaborated-type-specifier*, or a *base-specifier*.
|
| 363 |
+
|
| 364 |
+
[^9]: The number of bits in a byte is reported by the macro `CHAR_BIT`
|
| 365 |
+
in the header `<climits>`.
|
| 366 |
+
|
| 367 |
+
[^10]: Under the “as-if” rule an implementation is allowed to store two
|
| 368 |
+
objects at the same machine address or not store an object at all if
|
| 369 |
+
the program cannot observe the difference [[intro.execution]].
|
| 370 |
+
|
| 371 |
+
[^11]: For example, before the construction of a global object that is
|
| 372 |
+
initialized via a user-provided constructor [[class.cdtor]].
|
| 373 |
+
|
| 374 |
+
[^12]: That is, an object for which a destructor will be called
|
| 375 |
+
implicitly—upon exit from the block for an object with automatic
|
| 376 |
+
storage duration, upon exit from the thread for an object with
|
| 377 |
+
thread storage duration, or upon exit from the program for an object
|
| 378 |
+
with static storage duration.
|
| 379 |
+
|
| 380 |
+
[^13]: Some implementations might define that copying an invalid pointer
|
| 381 |
+
value causes a system-generated runtime fault.
|
| 382 |
+
|
| 383 |
+
[^14]: The intent is to have `operator new()` implementable by calling
|
| 384 |
+
`std::malloc()` or `std::calloc()`, so the rules are substantially
|
| 385 |
+
the same. C++ differs from C in requiring a zero request to return a
|
| 386 |
+
non-null pointer.
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
[^15]: The global `operator delete(void*, std::size_t)` precludes use of
|
| 389 |
+
an allocation function `void operator new(std::size_t, std::size_t)`
|
| 390 |
+
as a placement allocation function ([[diff.cpp11.basic]]).
|
| 391 |
+
|
| 392 |
+
[^16]: This subclause does not impose restrictions on indirection
|
| 393 |
+
through pointers to memory not allocated by `::operator new`. This
|
| 394 |
+
maintains the ability of many C++ implementations to use binary
|
| 395 |
+
libraries and components written in other languages. In particular,
|
| 396 |
+
this applies to C binaries, because indirection through pointers to
|
| 397 |
+
memory allocated by `std::malloc` is not restricted.
|
| 398 |
+
|
| 399 |
+
[^17]: The same rules apply to initialization of an `initializer_list`
|
| 400 |
+
object [[dcl.init.list]] with its underlying temporary array.
|
| 401 |
+
|
| 402 |
+
[^18]: By using, for example, the library functions [[headers]]
|
| 403 |
+
`std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
|
| 404 |
+
|
| 405 |
+
[^19]: By using, for example, the library functions [[headers]]
|
| 406 |
+
`std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
|
| 407 |
+
|
| 408 |
+
[^20]: The intent is that the memory model of C++ is compatible with
|
| 409 |
+
that of ISO/IEC 9899 Programming Language C.
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
[^21]: The size and layout of an instance of an incompletely-defined
|
| 412 |
+
object type is unknown.
|
| 413 |
+
|
| 414 |
+
[^22]: This is also known as two’s complement representation.
|
| 415 |
+
|
| 416 |
+
[^23]: Static class members are objects or functions, and pointers to
|
| 417 |
+
them are ordinary pointers to objects or functions.
|
| 418 |
+
|
| 419 |
+
[^24]: For an object that is not within its lifetime, this is the first
|
| 420 |
+
byte in memory that it will occupy or used to occupy.
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
[^25]: The same representation and alignment requirements are meant to
|
| 423 |
+
imply interchangeability as arguments to functions, return values
|
| 424 |
+
from functions, and non-static data members of unions.
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
[^26]: As specified in [[class.temporary]], after a full-expression is
|
| 427 |
+
evaluated, a sequence of zero or more invocations of destructor
|
| 428 |
+
functions for temporary objects takes place, usually in reverse
|
| 429 |
+
order of the construction of each temporary object.
|
| 430 |
+
|
| 431 |
+
[^27]: In other words, function executions do not interleave with each
|
| 432 |
+
other.
|
| 433 |
+
|
| 434 |
+
[^28]: An object with automatic or thread storage duration [[basic.stc]]
|
| 435 |
+
is associated with one specific thread, and can be accessed by a
|
| 436 |
+
different thread only indirectly through a pointer or reference
|
| 437 |
+
[[basic.compound]].
|
| 438 |
+
|
| 439 |
+
[^29]: A non-local variable with static storage duration having
|
| 440 |
+
initialization with side effects is initialized in this case, even
|
| 441 |
+
if it is not itself odr-used ([[basic.def.odr]],
|
| 442 |
+
[[basic.stc.static]]).
|