tmp/tmpqjlue9ms/{from.md → to.md}
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| 1 |
+
## Characters <a id="lex.char">[[lex.char]]</a>
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| 2 |
+
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| 3 |
+
### Character sets <a id="lex.charset">[[lex.charset]]</a>
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| 4 |
+
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| 5 |
+
The *translation character set* consists of the following elements:
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| 6 |
+
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| 7 |
+
- each abstract character assigned a code point in the Unicode codespace
|
| 8 |
+
as specified in the Unicode Standard, and
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| 9 |
+
- a distinct character for each Unicode scalar value not assigned to an
|
| 10 |
+
abstract character.
|
| 11 |
+
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| 12 |
+
[*Note 1*: Unicode code points are integers in the range [0, 10FFFF]
|
| 13 |
+
(hexadecimal). A surrogate code point is a value in the range
|
| 14 |
+
[D800, DFFF] (hexadecimal). A Unicode scalar value is any code point
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| 15 |
+
that is not a surrogate code point. — *end note*]
|
| 16 |
+
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| 17 |
+
The *basic character set* is a subset of the translation character set,
|
| 18 |
+
consisting of 99 characters as specified in [[lex.charset.basic]].
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| 19 |
+
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| 20 |
+
[*Note 2*: Unicode short names are given only as a means to identifying
|
| 21 |
+
the character; the numerical value has no other meaning in this
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| 22 |
+
context. — *end note*]
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| 23 |
+
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| 24 |
+
**Table: Basic character set** <a id="lex.charset.basic">[lex.charset.basic]</a>
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| 25 |
+
|
| 26 |
+
| character | | glyph |
|
| 27 |
+
| -------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- |
|
| 28 |
+
| `U+0009` | character tabulation | |
|
| 29 |
+
| `U+000b` | line tabulation | |
|
| 30 |
+
| `U+000c` | form feed | |
|
| 31 |
+
| `U+0020` | space | |
|
| 32 |
+
| `U+000a` | line feed | new-line |
|
| 33 |
+
| `U+0021` | exclamation mark | `!` |
|
| 34 |
+
| `U+0022` | quotation mark | `"` |
|
| 35 |
+
| `U+0023` | number sign | `#` |
|
| 36 |
+
| `U+0024` | dollar sign | `$` |
|
| 37 |
+
| `U+0025` | percent sign | `%` |
|
| 38 |
+
| `U+0026` | ampersand | `&` |
|
| 39 |
+
| `U+0027` | apostrophe | `'` |
|
| 40 |
+
| `U+0028` | left parenthesis | `(` |
|
| 41 |
+
| `U+0029` | right parenthesis | `)` |
|
| 42 |
+
| `U+002a` | asterisk | `*` |
|
| 43 |
+
| `U+002b` | plus sign | `+` |
|
| 44 |
+
| `U+002c` | comma | `,` |
|
| 45 |
+
| `U+002d` | hyphen-minus | `-` |
|
| 46 |
+
| `U+002e` | full stop | `.` |
|
| 47 |
+
| `U+002f` | solidus | `/` |
|
| 48 |
+
| `U+0030` .. `U+0039` | digit zero .. nine | `0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9` |
|
| 49 |
+
| `U+003a` | colon | `:` |
|
| 50 |
+
| `U+003b` | semicolon | `;` |
|
| 51 |
+
| `U+003c` | less-than sign | `<` |
|
| 52 |
+
| `U+003d` | equals sign | `=` |
|
| 53 |
+
| `U+003e` | greater-than sign | `>` |
|
| 54 |
+
| `U+003f` | question mark | `?` |
|
| 55 |
+
| } |
|
| 56 |
+
| `U+0041` .. `U+005a` | latin capital letter a .. z | `A B C D E F G H I J K L M` |
|
| 57 |
+
| | | `N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z` |
|
| 58 |
+
| `U+005b` | left square bracket | `[` |
|
| 59 |
+
| `U+005c` | reverse solidus | \texttt{\} |
|
| 60 |
+
| `U+005d` | right square bracket | `]` |
|
| 61 |
+
| `U+005e` | circumflex accent | `^` |
|
| 62 |
+
| `U+005f` | low line | `_` |
|
| 63 |
+
| `U+0060` | grave accent | `\` |
|
| 64 |
+
| `U+0061` .. `U+007a` | latin small letter a .. z | `a b c d e f g h i j k l m` |
|
| 65 |
+
| | | `n o p q r s t u v w x y z` |
|
| 66 |
+
| `U+007b` | left curly bracket | \texttt{\ |
|
| 67 |
+
| `U+007c` | vertical line | `|` |
|
| 68 |
+
| `U+007d` | right curly bracket | `}` |
|
| 69 |
+
| `U+007e` | tilde | `~` |
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
|
| 72 |
+
The *basic literal character set* consists of all characters of the
|
| 73 |
+
basic character set, plus the control characters specified in
|
| 74 |
+
[[lex.charset.literal]].
|
| 75 |
+
|
| 76 |
+
**Table: Additional control characters in the basic literal character set** <a id="lex.charset.literal">[lex.charset.literal]</a>
|
| 77 |
+
|
| 78 |
+
| | |
|
| 79 |
+
| -------- | --------------- |
|
| 80 |
+
| `U+0000` | null |
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| 81 |
+
| `U+0007` | alert |
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| 82 |
+
| `U+0008` | backspace |
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| 83 |
+
| `U+000d` | carriage return |
|
| 84 |
+
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| 85 |
+
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| 86 |
+
A *code unit* is an integer value of character type
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| 87 |
+
[[basic.fundamental]]. Characters in a *character-literal* other than a
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| 88 |
+
multicharacter or non-encodable character literal or in a
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| 89 |
+
*string-literal* are encoded as a sequence of one or more code units, as
|
| 90 |
+
determined by the *encoding-prefix* [[lex.ccon]], [[lex.string]]; this
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| 91 |
+
is termed the respective *literal encoding*. The
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| 92 |
+
*ordinary literal encoding* is the encoding applied to an ordinary
|
| 93 |
+
character or string literal. The *wide literal encoding* is the encoding
|
| 94 |
+
applied to a wide character or string literal.
|
| 95 |
+
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| 96 |
+
A literal encoding or a locale-specific encoding of one of the execution
|
| 97 |
+
character sets [[character.seq]] encodes each element of the basic
|
| 98 |
+
literal character set as a single code unit with non-negative value,
|
| 99 |
+
distinct from the code unit for any other such element.
|
| 100 |
+
|
| 101 |
+
[*Note 3*: A character not in the basic literal character set can be
|
| 102 |
+
encoded with more than one code unit; the value of such a code unit can
|
| 103 |
+
be the same as that of a code unit for an element of the basic literal
|
| 104 |
+
character set. — *end note*]
|
| 105 |
+
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| 106 |
+
The U+0000 (null) character is encoded as the value `0`. No other
|
| 107 |
+
element of the translation character set is encoded with a code unit of
|
| 108 |
+
value `0`. The code unit value of each decimal digit character after the
|
| 109 |
+
digit `0` (`U+0030`) shall be one greater than the value of the
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| 110 |
+
previous. The ordinary and wide literal encodings are otherwise
|
| 111 |
+
*implementation-defined*. For a UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32 literal, the
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| 112 |
+
implementation shall encode the Unicode scalar value corresponding to
|
| 113 |
+
each character of the translation character set as specified in the
|
| 114 |
+
Unicode Standard for the respective Unicode encoding form.
|
| 115 |
+
|
| 116 |
+
### Universal character names <a id="lex.universal.char">[[lex.universal.char]]</a>
|
| 117 |
+
|
| 118 |
+
``` bnf
|
| 119 |
+
n-char:
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| 120 |
+
any member of the translation character set except the U+007d (right curly bracket) or new-line character
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| 121 |
+
```
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| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
``` bnf
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| 124 |
+
n-char-sequence:
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| 125 |
+
n-char n-char-sequenceₒₚₜ
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| 126 |
+
```
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| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
``` bnf
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| 129 |
+
named-universal-character:
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| 130 |
+
'\N{' n-char-sequence '}'
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| 131 |
+
```
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| 132 |
+
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| 133 |
+
``` bnf
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| 134 |
+
hex-quad:
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| 135 |
+
hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit
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| 136 |
+
```
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| 137 |
+
|
| 138 |
+
``` bnf
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| 139 |
+
simple-hexadecimal-digit-sequence:
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| 140 |
+
hexadecimal-digit simple-hexadecimal-digit-sequenceₒₚₜ
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| 141 |
+
```
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| 142 |
+
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| 143 |
+
``` bnf
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| 144 |
+
universal-character-name:
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| 145 |
+
'\u' hex-quad
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| 146 |
+
'\U' hex-quad hex-quad
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| 147 |
+
'\u{' simple-hexadecimal-digit-sequence '}'
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| 148 |
+
named-universal-character
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| 149 |
+
```
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| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
The *universal-character-name* construct provides a way to name any
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| 152 |
+
element in the translation character set using just the basic character
|
| 153 |
+
set. If a *universal-character-name* outside the *c-char-sequence*,
|
| 154 |
+
*s-char-sequence*, or *r-char-sequence* of a *character-literal* or
|
| 155 |
+
*string-literal* (in either case, including within a
|
| 156 |
+
*user-defined-literal*) corresponds to a control character or to a
|
| 157 |
+
character in the basic character set, the program is ill-formed.
|
| 158 |
+
|
| 159 |
+
[*Note 1*: A sequence of characters resembling a
|
| 160 |
+
*universal-character-name* in an *r-char-sequence* [[lex.string]] does
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| 161 |
+
not form a *universal-character-name*. — *end note*]
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| 162 |
+
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| 163 |
+
A *universal-character-name* of the form `\u` *hex-quad*, `\U`
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| 164 |
+
*hex-quad* *hex-quad*, or `\u{simple-hexadecimal-digit-sequence}`
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| 165 |
+
designates the character in the translation character set whose Unicode
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| 166 |
+
scalar value is the hexadecimal number represented by the sequence of
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| 167 |
+
*hexadecimal-digit*s in the *universal-character-name*. The program is
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| 168 |
+
ill-formed if that number is not a Unicode scalar value.
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| 169 |
+
|
| 170 |
+
A *universal-character-name* that is a *named-universal-character*
|
| 171 |
+
designates the corresponding character in the Unicode Standard (chapter
|
| 172 |
+
4.8 Name) if the *n-char-sequence* is equal to its character name or to
|
| 173 |
+
one of its character name aliases of type “control”, “correction”, or
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| 174 |
+
“alternate”; otherwise, the program is ill-formed.
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| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
[*Note 2*: These aliases are listed in the Unicode Character Database’s
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| 177 |
+
`NameAliases.txt`. None of these names or aliases have leading or
|
| 178 |
+
trailing spaces. — *end note*]
|
| 179 |
+
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