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# Terms and definitions <a id="intro.defs">[[intro.defs]]</a>
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
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ISO/IEC 2382,
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80000-2:2009, and the following apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at
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the following addresses:
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- ISO Online browsing platform: available at <https://www.iso.org/obp>
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- IEC Electropedia: available at <https://www.electropedia.org/>
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Terms that are used only in a small portion of this document are defined
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where they are used and italicized where they are defined.
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#### 1 access <a id="defns.access">[[defns.access]]</a>
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⟨execution-time action⟩ read or modify the value of an object
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Only glvalues of scalar type
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-
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[[expr.
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#### 2
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⟨
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-
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repositional stream [[defns.repositional.stream]]. — *end note*]
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#### 3 argument <a id="defns.argument">[[defns.argument]]</a>
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⟨function call expression⟩ expression in the comma-separated list
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bounded by the parentheses
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#### 4 argument <a id="defns.argument.macro">[[defns.argument.macro]]</a>
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⟨function-like macro⟩ sequence of preprocessing tokens in the
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comma-separated list bounded by the parentheses
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####
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⟨throw expression⟩ operand of `throw`
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####
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⟨template instantiation⟩ *constant-expression*, *type-id*, or
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*id-expression* in the comma-separated list bounded by the angle
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brackets
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####
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⟨execution⟩ wait for some condition (other than for the implementation
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to execute the execution steps of the thread of execution) to be
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satisfied before continuing execution past the blocking operation
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####
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⟨statement⟩ compound statement
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#### 9 character <a id="defns.character">[[defns.character]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ object which, when treated sequentially, can represent text
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[*Note 1 to entry*: The term does not mean only `char`, `char8_t`,
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definitions specified in [[strings]], [[localization]],
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[[input.output]], or [[re]]. — *end note*]
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#### 10 character container type <a id="defns.character.container">[[defns.character.container]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ class or a type used to represent a
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[*Note 1 to entry*: It is used for one of the template parameters of
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the
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templates. — *end note*]
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#### 11 collating element <a id="defns.regex.collating.element">[[defns.regex.collating.element]]</a>
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sequence of one or more
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#### 12 component <a id="defns.component">[[defns.component]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ group of library entities directly related as members,
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[*Note 1 to entry*: For example, the class template `basic_string` and
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the non-member function templates that operate on strings are referred
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to as the
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#### 13 conditionally-supported <a id="defns.cond.supp">[[defns.cond.supp]]</a>
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program construct that an implementation is not required to support
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Each implementation documents all
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conditionally-supported constructs that it does not
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support. — *end note*]
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#### 14 constant
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expression whose evaluation as subexpression of a
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*conditional-expression* `CE` would not prevent `CE` from being a core
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constant expression
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####
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⟨library⟩ situation wherein one or more threads are unable to continue
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execution because each is
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####
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⟨library implementation⟩ specific behavior provided by the
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implementation, within the scope of the
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####
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message belonging to an *implementation-defined* subset of the
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implementation’s output messages
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#### 18 direct-non-list-initialization <a id="defns.direct.non.list.init">[[defns.direct.non.list.init]]</a>
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-
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direct-initialization that is not list-initialization
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#### 19 dynamic type <a id="defns.dynamic.type">[[defns.dynamic.type]]</a>
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⟨glvalue⟩ type of the most derived object to which the glvalue refers
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[*Example 1*: If a pointer [[dcl.ptr]] `p` whose
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from `B` [[class.derived]],
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“`D`”. References [[dcl.ref]]
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#### 20 dynamic type <a id="defns.dynamic.type.prvalue">[[defns.dynamic.type.prvalue]]</a>
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⟨prvalue⟩ static type of the prvalue
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#### 21
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⟨library⟩ expressions that all have the same effects, either are all
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potentially-throwing or are all not potentially-throwing, and either are
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all
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[*Example 1*: For a value `x` of type `int` and a function `f` that
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accepts integer arguments, the expressions `f(x + 2)`, `f(2 + x)`, and
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`f(1 + x + 1)` are expression-equivalent. — *end example*]
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####
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⟨regular expression⟩ unspecified data structure that is used to
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represent a
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####
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⟨regular expression⟩ sequence of one or more
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replaced with some part of a
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####
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⟨library⟩ non-reserved function whose definition may be provided by a
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C++ program
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[*Note 1 to entry*: A C++ program may designate a handler function at
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various points in its execution by supplying a pointer to the function
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when calling any of the library functions that install handler functions
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[[support]]. — *end note*]
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####
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program that is not well-formed [[defns.well.formed]]
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####
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behavior, for a well-formed program
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depends on the implementation and that
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####
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⟨library⟩ *implementation-defined* strict total ordering over all
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pointer values such that the ordering is consistent with the partial
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order imposed by the
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####
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#### 29 iostream class templates <a id="defns.iostream.templates">[[defns.iostream.templates]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ templates that are declared in header `<iosfwd>` and take two
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template arguments
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[*Note 1 to entry*: The arguments are named `charT` and `traits`. The
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argument `charT` is a character container class, and the argument
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`traits` is a class which defines additional characteristics and
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functions of the character type represented by `charT` necessary to
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implement the iostream class templates. — *end note*]
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#### 30 locale-specific behavior <a id="defns.locale.specific">[[defns.locale.specific]]</a>
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behavior that depends on local conventions of nationality, culture, and
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language that each implementation documents
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#### 31 matched <a id="defns.regex.matched">[[defns.regex.matched]]</a>
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⟨regular expression⟩ condition when a sequence of zero or more
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#### 32 modifier function <a id="defns.modifier">[[defns.modifier]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ class member function other than a constructor, assignment
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operator, or destructor that alters the state of an object of the class
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invocation of a library function that, as part of evaluating any
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expression `E`, prevents `E` from being a core constant expression
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#### 36 NTCTS <a id="defns.ntcts">[[defns.ntcts]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ sequence of values that have
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#### 37 observer function <a id="defns.observer">[[defns.observer]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ class member function that accesses the state of an object of
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the class but does not alter that state
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⟨template⟩ member of a *template-parameter-list*
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#### 41 primary equivalence class <a id="defns.regex.primary.equivalence.class">[[defns.regex.primary.equivalence.class]]</a>
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⟨regular expression⟩ set of one or more
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character shape, and not accents, case, or locale
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#### 42 program-defined specialization <a id="defns.prog.def.spec">[[defns.prog.def.spec]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ explicit template specialization or partial specialization
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that is not part of the C++ standard library and not defined by the
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#### 43 program-defined type <a id="defns.prog.def.type">[[defns.prog.def.type]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ non-closure class type or enumeration type that is not part of
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the C++ standard library and not defined by the implementation, or a
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closure type of a non-implementation-provided lambda expression, or an
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instantiation of a
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Types defined by the implementation include
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extensions [[intro.compliance]] and internal types used by the
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library. — *end note*]
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[*Note 1 to entry*: The term describes a type to which a reference can
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be created, including reference types. — *end note*]
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#### 46 regular expression <a id="defns.regex.regular.expression">[[defns.regex.regular.expression]]</a>
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pattern that selects specific strings from a set of
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#### 47 replacement function <a id="defns.replacement">[[defns.replacement]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ non-reserved function whose definition is provided by a C++
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program
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Only one definition for such a function is in
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effect for the duration of the program’s execution, as the result of
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creating the program [[lex.phases]] and resolving the definitions of all
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translation units [[basic.link]]. — *end note*]
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#### 48
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⟨library⟩
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-
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-
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-
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-
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⟨library⟩ description of replacement function and handler function
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semantics applicable to both the behavior provided by the implementation
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and the behavior of any such function definition in the program
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[*Note 1 to entry*: If such a function defined in a C++ program fails
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to meet the required behavior when it executes, the behavior is
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undefined. — *end note*]
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####
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⟨library⟩ function, specified as part of the C++ standard library, that
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is defined by the implementation
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[*Note 1 to entry*: If a C++ program provides a definition for any
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reserved function, the results are undefined. — *end note*]
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#### 51 signature <a id="defns.signature">[[defns.signature]]</a>
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⟨function⟩ name, parameter-type-list, and enclosing namespace
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Signatures are used as a basis for name mangling
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parameter-type-list, enclosing class, and trailing *requires-clause*
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#### 53 signature <a id="defns.signature.templ">[[defns.signature.templ]]</a>
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⟨function template⟩ name, parameter-type-list, enclosing namespace,
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return type, signature
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*requires-clause* (if any)
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#### 54 signature <a id="defns.signature.templ.friend">[[defns.signature.templ.friend]]</a>
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⟨friend function template with constraint involving enclosing template parameters⟩
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name, parameter-type-list, return type, enclosing class,
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-
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#### 55 signature <a id="defns.signature.spec">[[defns.signature.spec]]</a>
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⟨function template specialization⟩
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-
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specified or
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#### 56 signature <a id="defns.signature.member">[[defns.signature.member]]</a>
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⟨class member function⟩ name, parameter-type-list, class of which the
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function is a member, cv-qualifiers (if any), *ref-qualifier* (if any),
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#### 57 signature <a id="defns.signature.member.templ">[[defns.signature.member.templ]]</a>
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⟨class member function template⟩ name, parameter-type-list, class of
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which the function is a member, cv-qualifiers (if any), *ref-qualifier*
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(if any), return type (if any),
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-
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#### 58 signature <a id="defns.signature.member.spec">[[defns.signature.member.spec]]</a>
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⟨class member function template specialization⟩
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-
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#### 59 signature <a id="defns.signature.template.head">[[defns.signature.template.head]]</a>
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⟨*template-head*⟩ template parameter
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names and default
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#### 60 stable algorithm <a id="defns.stable">[[defns.stable]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ algorithm that preserves, as appropriate to the particular
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algorithm, the order of elements
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the form of the program in which the expression appears, and does not
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change while the program is executing. — *end note*]
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#### 62 sub-expression <a id="defns.regex.subexpression">[[defns.regex.subexpression]]</a>
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⟨regular expression⟩ subset of a
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#### 63 traits class <a id="defns.traits">[[defns.traits]]</a>
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⟨library⟩ class that encapsulates a set of types and functions necessary
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for class templates and function templates to manipulate objects of
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types for which they are instantiated
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#### 64 unblock <a id="defns.unblock">[[defns.unblock]]</a>
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satisfy a condition that one or more blocked
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waiting for
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#### 65 undefined behavior <a id="defns.undefined">[[defns.undefined]]</a>
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behavior for which this document imposes no requirements
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Undefined behavior may be expected when this
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document omits any explicit definition of behavior or when a program
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uses an
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behavior ranges from ignoring the situation completely with
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unpredictable results, to behaving during translation or program
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execution in a documented manner characteristic of the environment (with
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or without the issuance of a
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translation or execution (with the issuance of a diagnostic message).
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Many
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they are required to be diagnosed. Evaluation of a constant expression
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[[expr.const]] never exhibits behavior explicitly specified as undefined
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in [[intro]] through [[
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#### 66 unspecified behavior <a id="defns.unspecified">[[defns.unspecified]]</a>
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behavior, for a well-formed program
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depends on the implementation
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[*Note 1 to entry*: The implementation is not required to document
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which behavior occurs. The range of possible behaviors is usually
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delineated by this document. — *end note*]
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# Terms and definitions <a id="intro.defs">[[intro.defs]]</a>
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
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ISO/IEC 2382, ISO 80000-2:2019, and the following apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at
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the following addresses:
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- ISO Online browsing platform: available at <https://www.iso.org/obp>
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- IEC Electropedia: available at <https://www.electropedia.org/>
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#### 1 access <a id="defns.access">[[defns.access]]</a>
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⟨execution-time action⟩ read or modify the value of an object
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| 16 |
+
[*Note 1 to entry*: Only glvalues of scalar type
|
| 17 |
+
[[basic.types.general]] can be used to access objects. Reads of scalar
|
| 18 |
+
objects are described in [[conv.lval]] and modifications of scalar
|
| 19 |
+
objects are described in [[expr.assign]], [[expr.post.incr]], and
|
| 20 |
+
[[expr.pre.incr]]. Attempts to read or modify an object of class type
|
| 21 |
+
typically invoke a constructor [[class.ctor]] or assignment operator
|
| 22 |
+
[[class.copy.assign]]; such invocations do not themselves constitute
|
| 23 |
+
accesses, although they may involve accesses of scalar
|
| 24 |
+
subobjects. — *end note*]
|
| 25 |
|
| 26 |
+
#### 2 argument <a id="defns.argument">[[defns.argument]]</a>
|
| 27 |
|
| 28 |
+
⟨function call expression⟩ expression or *braced-init-list* in the
|
| 29 |
+
comma-separated list bounded by the parentheses
|
| 30 |
|
| 31 |
+
#### 3 argument <a id="defns.argument.macro">[[defns.argument.macro]]</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
| 32 |
|
| 33 |
⟨function-like macro⟩ sequence of preprocessing tokens in the
|
| 34 |
comma-separated list bounded by the parentheses
|
| 35 |
|
| 36 |
+
#### 4 argument <a id="defns.argument.throw">[[defns.argument.throw]]</a>
|
| 37 |
|
| 38 |
⟨throw expression⟩ operand of `throw`
|
| 39 |
|
| 40 |
+
#### 5 argument <a id="defns.argument.templ">[[defns.argument.templ]]</a>
|
| 41 |
|
| 42 |
⟨template instantiation⟩ *constant-expression*, *type-id*, or
|
| 43 |
*id-expression* in the comma-separated list bounded by the angle
|
| 44 |
brackets
|
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
+
#### 6 block <a id="defns.block">[[defns.block]]</a>
|
| 47 |
|
| 48 |
⟨execution⟩ wait for some condition (other than for the implementation
|
| 49 |
to execute the execution steps of the thread of execution) to be
|
| 50 |
satisfied before continuing execution past the blocking operation
|
| 51 |
|
| 52 |
+
#### 7 block <a id="defns.block.stmt">[[defns.block.stmt]]</a>
|
| 53 |
|
| 54 |
⟨statement⟩ compound statement
|
| 55 |
|
| 56 |
+
#### 8 C standard library <a id="defns.c.lib">[[defns.c.lib]]</a>
|
| 57 |
+
|
| 58 |
+
library described in ISO/IEC 9899:2018 (C), Clause 7
|
| 59 |
+
|
| 60 |
+
[*Note 1 to entry*: With the qualifications noted in [[support]]
|
| 61 |
+
through [[exec]] and in [[diff.library]], the C standard library is a
|
| 62 |
+
subset of the C++ standard library. — *end note*]
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
#### 9 character <a id="defns.character">[[defns.character]]</a>
|
| 65 |
|
| 66 |
⟨library⟩ object which, when treated sequentially, can represent text
|
| 67 |
|
| 68 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: The term does not mean only `char`, `char8_t`,
|
|
|
|
| 71 |
definitions specified in [[strings]], [[localization]],
|
| 72 |
[[input.output]], or [[re]]. — *end note*]
|
| 73 |
|
| 74 |
#### 10 character container type <a id="defns.character.container">[[defns.character.container]]</a>
|
| 75 |
|
| 76 |
+
⟨library⟩ class or a type used to represent a
|
| 77 |
+
\termref{defns.character}{character}
|
| 78 |
|
| 79 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: It is used for one of the template parameters of
|
| 80 |
+
`char_traits` and the class templates which use that, such as the
|
| 81 |
+
string, iostream, and regular expression class templates. — *end note*]
|
| 82 |
|
| 83 |
#### 11 collating element <a id="defns.regex.collating.element">[[defns.regex.collating.element]]</a>
|
| 84 |
|
| 85 |
+
sequence of one or more within the current locale that collate as if
|
| 86 |
+
they were a single character
|
| 87 |
|
| 88 |
#### 12 component <a id="defns.component">[[defns.component]]</a>
|
| 89 |
|
| 90 |
+
⟨library⟩ group of library entities directly related as members, , or
|
| 91 |
+
return types
|
| 92 |
|
| 93 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: For example, the class template `basic_string` and
|
| 94 |
the non-member function templates that operate on strings are referred
|
| 95 |
+
to as the string component. — *end note*]
|
| 96 |
|
| 97 |
#### 13 conditionally-supported <a id="defns.cond.supp">[[defns.cond.supp]]</a>
|
| 98 |
|
| 99 |
program construct that an implementation is not required to support
|
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: Each implementation documents all
|
| 102 |
conditionally-supported constructs that it does not
|
| 103 |
support. — *end note*]
|
| 104 |
|
| 105 |
+
#### 14 constant evaluation <a id="defns.const.eval">[[defns.const.eval]]</a>
|
| 106 |
+
|
| 107 |
+
evaluation that is performed as part of evaluating an expression as a
|
| 108 |
+
core constant expression [[expr.const]]
|
| 109 |
+
|
| 110 |
+
#### 15 constant subexpression <a id="defns.const.subexpr">[[defns.const.subexpr]]</a>
|
| 111 |
|
| 112 |
expression whose evaluation as subexpression of a
|
| 113 |
*conditional-expression* `CE` would not prevent `CE` from being a core
|
| 114 |
constant expression
|
| 115 |
|
| 116 |
+
#### 16 deadlock <a id="defns.deadlock">[[defns.deadlock]]</a>
|
| 117 |
|
| 118 |
⟨library⟩ situation wherein one or more threads are unable to continue
|
| 119 |
+
execution because each is waiting for one or more of the others to
|
| 120 |
+
satisfy some condition
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
+
#### 17 default behavior <a id="defns.default.behavior.impl">[[defns.default.behavior.impl]]</a>
|
| 123 |
|
| 124 |
⟨library implementation⟩ specific behavior provided by the
|
| 125 |
+
implementation, within the scope of the
|
| 126 |
+
\termref{defns.required.behavior}{required behavior}
|
| 127 |
|
| 128 |
+
#### 18 diagnostic message <a id="defns.diagnostic">[[defns.diagnostic]]</a>
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
message belonging to an *implementation-defined* subset of the
|
| 131 |
implementation’s output messages
|
| 132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| 133 |
#### 19 dynamic type <a id="defns.dynamic.type">[[defns.dynamic.type]]</a>
|
| 134 |
|
| 135 |
⟨glvalue⟩ type of the most derived object to which the glvalue refers
|
| 136 |
|
| 137 |
+
[*Example 1*: If a pointer [[dcl.ptr]] `p` whose type is “pointer to
|
| 138 |
+
class `B`” is pointing to a base class subobject of class `B`, whose
|
| 139 |
+
most derived object is of class `D`, derived from `B` [[class.derived]],
|
| 140 |
+
the dynamic type of the expression `*p` is “`D`”. References [[dcl.ref]]
|
| 141 |
+
are treated similarly. — *end example*]
|
| 142 |
|
| 143 |
#### 20 dynamic type <a id="defns.dynamic.type.prvalue">[[defns.dynamic.type.prvalue]]</a>
|
| 144 |
|
| 145 |
+
⟨prvalue⟩ \termref{defns.static.type}{static type} of the prvalue
|
| 146 |
+
expression
|
| 147 |
|
| 148 |
+
#### 21 erroneous behavior <a id="defns.erroneous">[[defns.erroneous]]</a>
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
well-defined behavior that the implementation is recommended to diagnose
|
| 151 |
+
|
| 152 |
+
[*Note 1 to entry*: Erroneous behavior is always the consequence of
|
| 153 |
+
incorrect program code. Implementations are allowed, but not required,
|
| 154 |
+
to diagnose it [[intro.compliance.general]]. Evaluation of a constant
|
| 155 |
+
expression [[expr.const]] never exhibits behavior specified as erroneous
|
| 156 |
+
in [[intro]] through [[\lastcorechapter]]. — *end note*]
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
#### 22 expression-equivalent <a id="defns.expression.equivalent">[[defns.expression.equivalent]]</a>
|
| 159 |
|
| 160 |
⟨library⟩ expressions that all have the same effects, either are all
|
| 161 |
potentially-throwing or are all not potentially-throwing, and either are
|
| 162 |
+
all or are all not constant subexpressions
|
| 163 |
|
| 164 |
[*Example 1*: For a value `x` of type `int` and a function `f` that
|
| 165 |
accepts integer arguments, the expressions `f(x + 2)`, `f(2 + x)`, and
|
| 166 |
`f(1 + x + 1)` are expression-equivalent. — *end example*]
|
| 167 |
|
| 168 |
+
#### 23 finite state machine <a id="defns.regex.finite.state.machine">[[defns.regex.finite.state.machine]]</a>
|
| 169 |
|
| 170 |
⟨regular expression⟩ unspecified data structure that is used to
|
| 171 |
+
represent a
|
| 172 |
+
\termref{defns.regex.regular.expression}{regular expression}, and which
|
| 173 |
+
permits efficient matches against the regular expression to be obtained
|
| 174 |
|
| 175 |
+
#### 24 format specifier <a id="defns.regex.format.specifier">[[defns.regex.format.specifier]]</a>
|
| 176 |
|
| 177 |
+
⟨regular expression⟩ sequence of one or more that is expected to be
|
| 178 |
+
replaced with some part of a
|
| 179 |
+
\termref{defns.regex.regular.expression}{regular expression} match
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
+
#### 25 handler function <a id="defns.handler">[[defns.handler]]</a>
|
| 182 |
|
| 183 |
⟨library⟩ non-reserved function whose definition may be provided by a
|
| 184 |
C++ program
|
| 185 |
|
| 186 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: A C++ program may designate a handler function at
|
| 187 |
various points in its execution by supplying a pointer to the function
|
| 188 |
when calling any of the library functions that install handler functions
|
| 189 |
+
(see [[support]]). — *end note*]
|
| 190 |
|
| 191 |
+
#### 26 ill-formed program <a id="defns.ill.formed">[[defns.ill.formed]]</a>
|
| 192 |
|
| 193 |
program that is not well-formed [[defns.well.formed]]
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
+
#### 27 implementation-defined behavior <a id="defns.impl.defined">[[defns.impl.defined]]</a>
|
| 196 |
|
| 197 |
+
behavior, for a \termref{defns.well.formed}{well-formed program}
|
| 198 |
+
construct and correct data, that depends on the implementation and that
|
| 199 |
+
each implementation documents
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
+
#### 28 implementation-defined strict total order over pointers <a id="defns.order.ptr">[[defns.order.ptr]]</a>
|
| 202 |
|
| 203 |
⟨library⟩ *implementation-defined* strict total ordering over all
|
| 204 |
pointer values such that the ordering is consistent with the partial
|
| 205 |
+
order imposed by the built-in operators `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`, and `<=>`
|
| 206 |
|
| 207 |
+
#### 29 implementation limit <a id="defns.impl.limits">[[defns.impl.limits]]</a>
|
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
+
restriction imposed upon programs by the implementation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 210 |
|
| 211 |
#### 30 locale-specific behavior <a id="defns.locale.specific">[[defns.locale.specific]]</a>
|
| 212 |
|
| 213 |
behavior that depends on local conventions of nationality, culture, and
|
| 214 |
language that each implementation documents
|
| 215 |
|
| 216 |
#### 31 matched <a id="defns.regex.matched">[[defns.regex.matched]]</a>
|
| 217 |
|
| 218 |
⟨regular expression⟩ condition when a sequence of zero or more
|
| 219 |
+
correspond to a sequence of characters defined by the pattern
|
| 220 |
|
| 221 |
#### 32 modifier function <a id="defns.modifier">[[defns.modifier]]</a>
|
| 222 |
|
| 223 |
⟨library⟩ class member function other than a constructor, assignment
|
| 224 |
operator, or destructor that alters the state of an object of the class
|
|
|
|
| 238 |
invocation of a library function that, as part of evaluating any
|
| 239 |
expression `E`, prevents `E` from being a core constant expression
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
#### 36 NTCTS <a id="defns.ntcts">[[defns.ntcts]]</a>
|
| 242 |
|
| 243 |
+
⟨library⟩ sequence of values that have
|
| 244 |
+
\termref{defns.character}{character} type that precede the terminating
|
| 245 |
+
null character type value `charT()`
|
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
#### 37 observer function <a id="defns.observer">[[defns.observer]]</a>
|
| 248 |
|
| 249 |
⟨library⟩ class member function that accesses the state of an object of
|
| 250 |
the class but does not alter that state
|
|
|
|
| 268 |
|
| 269 |
⟨template⟩ member of a *template-parameter-list*
|
| 270 |
|
| 271 |
#### 41 primary equivalence class <a id="defns.regex.primary.equivalence.class">[[defns.regex.primary.equivalence.class]]</a>
|
| 272 |
|
| 273 |
+
⟨regular expression⟩ set of one or more which share the same primary
|
| 274 |
+
sort key: that is the sort key weighting that depends only upon
|
| 275 |
+
character shape, and not accents, case, or locale-specific tailorings
|
| 276 |
|
| 277 |
#### 42 program-defined specialization <a id="defns.prog.def.spec">[[defns.prog.def.spec]]</a>
|
| 278 |
|
| 279 |
⟨library⟩ explicit template specialization or partial specialization
|
| 280 |
that is not part of the C++ standard library and not defined by the
|
|
|
|
| 283 |
#### 43 program-defined type <a id="defns.prog.def.type">[[defns.prog.def.type]]</a>
|
| 284 |
|
| 285 |
⟨library⟩ non-closure class type or enumeration type that is not part of
|
| 286 |
the C++ standard library and not defined by the implementation, or a
|
| 287 |
closure type of a non-implementation-provided lambda expression, or an
|
| 288 |
+
instantiation of a
|
| 289 |
+
\termref{defns.prog.def.spec}{program-defined specialization}
|
| 290 |
|
| 291 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: Types defined by the implementation include
|
| 292 |
extensions [[intro.compliance]] and internal types used by the
|
| 293 |
library. — *end note*]
|
| 294 |
|
|
|
|
| 320 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: The term describes a type to which a reference can
|
| 321 |
be created, including reference types. — *end note*]
|
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
#### 46 regular expression <a id="defns.regex.regular.expression">[[defns.regex.regular.expression]]</a>
|
| 324 |
|
| 325 |
+
pattern that selects specific strings from a set of
|
| 326 |
+
\termref{defns.character}{character} strings
|
| 327 |
|
| 328 |
#### 47 replacement function <a id="defns.replacement">[[defns.replacement]]</a>
|
| 329 |
|
| 330 |
⟨library⟩ non-reserved function whose definition is provided by a C++
|
| 331 |
program
|
|
|
|
| 333 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: Only one definition for such a function is in
|
| 334 |
effect for the duration of the program’s execution, as the result of
|
| 335 |
creating the program [[lex.phases]] and resolving the definitions of all
|
| 336 |
translation units [[basic.link]]. — *end note*]
|
| 337 |
|
| 338 |
+
#### 48 required behavior <a id="defns.required.behavior">[[defns.required.behavior]]</a>
|
| 339 |
|
| 340 |
+
⟨library⟩ description of
|
| 341 |
+
\termref{defns.replacement}{replacement function} and
|
| 342 |
+
\termref{defns.handler}{handler function} semantics applicable to both
|
| 343 |
+
the behavior provided by the implementation and the behavior of any such
|
| 344 |
+
function definition in the program
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: If such a function defined in a C++ program fails
|
| 347 |
to meet the required behavior when it executes, the behavior is
|
| 348 |
undefined. — *end note*]
|
| 349 |
|
| 350 |
+
#### 49 reserved function <a id="defns.reserved.function">[[defns.reserved.function]]</a>
|
| 351 |
|
| 352 |
⟨library⟩ function, specified as part of the C++ standard library, that
|
| 353 |
is defined by the implementation
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: If a C++ program provides a definition for any
|
| 356 |
reserved function, the results are undefined. — *end note*]
|
| 357 |
|
| 358 |
+
#### 50 runtime-undefined behavior <a id="defns.undefined.runtime">[[defns.undefined.runtime]]</a>
|
| 359 |
+
|
| 360 |
+
behavior that is undefined except when it occurs during constant
|
| 361 |
+
evaluation
|
| 362 |
+
|
| 363 |
+
[*Note 1 to entry*: During constant evaluation, — *end note*]
|
| 364 |
+
|
| 365 |
#### 51 signature <a id="defns.signature">[[defns.signature]]</a>
|
| 366 |
|
| 367 |
⟨function⟩ name, parameter-type-list, and enclosing namespace
|
| 368 |
|
| 369 |
[*Note 1 to entry*: Signatures are used as a basis for name mangling
|
|
|
|
| 375 |
parameter-type-list, enclosing class, and trailing *requires-clause*
|
| 376 |
|
| 377 |
#### 53 signature <a id="defns.signature.templ">[[defns.signature.templ]]</a>
|
| 378 |
|
| 379 |
⟨function template⟩ name, parameter-type-list, enclosing namespace,
|
| 380 |
+
return type, \termref{defns.signature.template.head}{signature} of the
|
| 381 |
+
*template-head*, and trailing *requires-clause* (if any)
|
| 382 |
|
| 383 |
#### 54 signature <a id="defns.signature.templ.friend">[[defns.signature.templ.friend]]</a>
|
| 384 |
|
| 385 |
⟨friend function template with constraint involving enclosing template parameters⟩
|
| 386 |
+
name, parameter-type-list, return type, enclosing class,
|
| 387 |
+
\termref{defns.signature.template.head}{signature} of the
|
| 388 |
+
*template-head*, and trailing *requires-clause* (if any)
|
| 389 |
|
| 390 |
#### 55 signature <a id="defns.signature.spec">[[defns.signature.spec]]</a>
|
| 391 |
|
| 392 |
+
⟨function template specialization⟩
|
| 393 |
+
\termref{defns.signature.templ}{signature} of the template of which it
|
| 394 |
+
is a specialization and its template (whether explicitly specified or
|
| 395 |
+
deduced)
|
| 396 |
|
| 397 |
#### 56 signature <a id="defns.signature.member">[[defns.signature.member]]</a>
|
| 398 |
|
| 399 |
⟨class member function⟩ name, parameter-type-list, class of which the
|
| 400 |
function is a member, cv-qualifiers (if any), *ref-qualifier* (if any),
|
|
|
|
| 402 |
|
| 403 |
#### 57 signature <a id="defns.signature.member.templ">[[defns.signature.member.templ]]</a>
|
| 404 |
|
| 405 |
⟨class member function template⟩ name, parameter-type-list, class of
|
| 406 |
which the function is a member, cv-qualifiers (if any), *ref-qualifier*
|
| 407 |
+
(if any), return type (if any),
|
| 408 |
+
\termref{defns.signature.template.head}{signature} of the
|
| 409 |
+
*template-head*, and trailing *requires-clause* (if any)
|
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
#### 58 signature <a id="defns.signature.member.spec">[[defns.signature.member.spec]]</a>
|
| 412 |
|
| 413 |
+
⟨class member function template specialization⟩
|
| 414 |
+
\termref{defns.signature.member.templ}{signature} of the member function
|
| 415 |
+
template of which it is a specialization and its template arguments
|
| 416 |
+
(whether explicitly specified or deduced)
|
| 417 |
|
| 418 |
#### 59 signature <a id="defns.signature.template.head">[[defns.signature.template.head]]</a>
|
| 419 |
|
| 420 |
+
⟨*template-head*⟩ template \termref{defns.parameter.templ}{parameter}
|
| 421 |
+
list, excluding template parameter names and default , and
|
| 422 |
+
*requires-clause* (if any)
|
| 423 |
|
| 424 |
#### 60 stable algorithm <a id="defns.stable">[[defns.stable]]</a>
|
| 425 |
|
| 426 |
⟨library⟩ algorithm that preserves, as appropriate to the particular
|
| 427 |
algorithm, the order of elements
|
|
|
|
| 438 |
the form of the program in which the expression appears, and does not
|
| 439 |
change while the program is executing. — *end note*]
|
| 440 |
|
| 441 |
#### 62 sub-expression <a id="defns.regex.subexpression">[[defns.regex.subexpression]]</a>
|
| 442 |
|
| 443 |
+
⟨regular expression⟩ subset of a
|
| 444 |
+
\termref{defns.regex.regular.expression}{regular expression} that has
|
| 445 |
+
been marked by parentheses
|
| 446 |
|
| 447 |
#### 63 traits class <a id="defns.traits">[[defns.traits]]</a>
|
| 448 |
|
| 449 |
⟨library⟩ class that encapsulates a set of types and functions necessary
|
| 450 |
for class templates and function templates to manipulate objects of
|
| 451 |
types for which they are instantiated
|
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
#### 64 unblock <a id="defns.unblock">[[defns.unblock]]</a>
|
| 454 |
|
| 455 |
+
satisfy a condition that one or more \termref{defns.block}{blocked}
|
| 456 |
+
threads of execution are waiting for
|
| 457 |
|
| 458 |
#### 65 undefined behavior <a id="defns.undefined">[[defns.undefined]]</a>
|
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behavior for which this document imposes no requirements
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[*Note 1 to entry*: Undefined behavior may be expected when this
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document omits any explicit definition of behavior or when a program
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uses an incorrect construct or invalid data. Permissible undefined
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behavior ranges from ignoring the situation completely with
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unpredictable results, to behaving during translation or program
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execution in a documented manner characteristic of the environment (with
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or without the issuance of a
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\termref{defns.diagnostic}{diagnostic message}), to terminating a
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translation or execution (with the issuance of a diagnostic message).
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Many incorrect program constructs do not engender undefined behavior;
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they are required to be diagnosed. Evaluation of a constant expression
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[[expr.const]] never exhibits behavior explicitly specified as undefined
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+
in [[intro]] through [[\lastcorechapter]]. — *end note*]
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#### 66 unspecified behavior <a id="defns.unspecified">[[defns.unspecified]]</a>
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behavior, for a \termref{defns.well.formed}{well-formed program}
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construct and correct data, that depends on the implementation
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[*Note 1 to entry*: The implementation is not required to document
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which behavior occurs. The range of possible behaviors is usually
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delineated by this document. — *end note*]
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