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### General <a id="std.exceptions.general">[[std.exceptions.general]]</a>
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The C++ standard library provides classes to be used to report certain
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errors [[res.on.exception.handling]] in C++ programs. In the error model
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reflected in these classes, errors are divided into two broad
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categories: *logic* errors and *runtime* errors.
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The distinguishing characteristic of logic errors is that they are due
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to errors in the internal logic of the program. In theory, they are
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preventable.
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By contrast, runtime errors are due to events beyond the scope of the
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program. They cannot be easily predicted in advance. The header
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`<stdexcept>` defines several types of predefined exceptions for
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reporting errors in a C++ program. These exceptions are related by
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inheritance.
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