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#### Overview <a id="mdspan.overview">[[mdspan.overview]]</a>
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A *multidimensional index space* is a Cartesian product of integer
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intervals. Each interval can be represented by a half-open range
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[Lᵢ, Uᵢ), where Lᵢ and Uᵢ are the lower and upper bounds of the iᵗʰ
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dimension. The *rank* of a multidimensional index space is the number of
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intervals it represents. The *size of a multidimensional index space* is
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the product of Uᵢ - Lᵢ for each dimension i if its rank is greater than
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0, and 1 otherwise.
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An integer r is a *rank index* of an index space S if r is in the range
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[0, rank of $S$).
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A pack of integers `idx` is a *multidimensional index* in a
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multidimensional index space S (or representation thereof) if both of
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the following are true:
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- `sizeof...(idx)` is equal to the rank of S, and
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- for every rank index i of S, the iᵗʰ value of `idx` is an integer in
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the interval [Lᵢ, Uᵢ) of S.
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