[diff.library] - C++20 → C++23

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@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 ## C standard library <a id="diff.library">[[diff.library]]</a>
-This subclause summarizes the explicit changes in headers, definitions,
-declarations, or behavior between the C standard library in the C
-standard and the parts of the C++ standard library that were included
-from the C standard library.
 ### Modifications to headers <a id="diff.mods.to.headers">[[diff.mods.to.headers]]</a>
 For compatibility with the C standard library, the C++ standard library
-provides the C headers enumerated in  [[depr.c.headers]], but their use
-is deprecated in C++.
 There are no C++ headers for the C standard library’s headers
-`<stdatomic.h>`, `<stdnoreturn.h>`, and `<threads.h>`, nor are these
-headers from the C standard library headers themselves part of C++.
 The C headers `<complex.h>` and `<tgmath.h>` do not contain any of the
 content from the C standard library and instead merely include other
 headers from the C++ standard library.
@@ -23,48 +24,46 @@ headers from the C++ standard library.
 #### Types `char16_t` and `char32_t` <a id="diff.char16">[[diff.char16]]</a>
 The types `char16_t` and `char32_t` are distinct types rather than
 typedefs to existing integral types. The tokens `char16_t` and
-`char32_t` are keywords in this International Standard [[lex.key]]. They
-do not appear as macro or type names defined in `<cuchar>`.
 #### Type `wchar_t` <a id="diff.wchar.t">[[diff.wchar.t]]</a>
 The type `wchar_t` is a distinct type rather than a typedef to an
-existing integral type. The token `wchar_t` is a keyword in this
-International Standard [[lex.key]]. It does not appear as a macro or
-type name defined in any of `<cstddef>`, `<cstdlib>`, or `<cwchar>`.
 #### Header `<assert.h>` <a id="diff.header.assert.h">[[diff.header.assert.h]]</a>
-The token `static_assert` is a keyword in this International Standard
-[[lex.key]]. It does not appear as a macro name defined in `<cassert>`.
 #### Header `<iso646.h>` <a id="diff.header.iso646.h">[[diff.header.iso646.h]]</a>
 The tokens `and`, `and_eq`, `bitand`, `bitor`, `compl`, `not`, `not_eq`,
-`or`, `or_eq`, `xor`, and `xor_eq` are keywords in this International
-Standard [[lex.key]], and are not introduced as macros by .
 #### Header `<stdalign.h>` <a id="diff.header.stdalign.h">[[diff.header.stdalign.h]]</a>
-The token `alignas` is a keyword in this International Standard
-[[lex.key]], and is not introduced as a macro by .
 #### Header `<stdbool.h>` <a id="diff.header.stdbool.h">[[diff.header.stdbool.h]]</a>
-The tokens `bool`, `true`, and `false` are keywords in this
-International Standard [[lex.key]], and are not introduced as macros by
-.
 #### Macro `NULL` <a id="diff.null">[[diff.null]]</a>
 The macro `NULL`, defined in any of `<clocale>`, `<cstddef>`,
 `<cstdio>`, `<cstdlib>`, `<cstring>`, `<ctime>`, or `<cwchar>`, is an
-*implementation-defined* C++ null pointer constant in this International
-Standard [[support.types]].
 ### Modifications to declarations <a id="diff.mods.to.declarations">[[diff.mods.to.declarations]]</a>
 Header `<cstring>`: The following functions have different declarations:
@@ -84,15 +83,19 @@ Header `<cwchar>`: The following functions have different declarations:
 - `wcsstr`
 - `wmemchr`
 Subclause [[cwchar.syn]] describes the changes.
-Header `<cstddef>` declares the name `nullptr_t` in addition to the
-names declared in `<stddef.h>` in the C standard library.
 ### Modifications to behavior <a id="diff.mods.to.behavior">[[diff.mods.to.behavior]]</a>
 Header `<cstdlib>`: The following functions have different behavior:
 - `atexit`
 - `exit`
 - `abort`
@@ -106,43 +109,45 @@ Header `<csetjmp>`: The following functions have different behavior:
 Subclause [[csetjmp.syn]] describes the changes.
 #### Macro `offsetof(type, member-designator)` <a id="diff.offsetof">[[diff.offsetof]]</a>
 The macro `offsetof`, defined in `<cstddef>`, accepts a restricted set
-of `type` arguments in this International Standard. Subclause
-[[support.types.layout]] describes the change.
 #### Memory allocation functions <a id="diff.malloc">[[diff.malloc]]</a>
 The functions `aligned_alloc`, `calloc`, `malloc`, and `realloc` are
-restricted in this International Standard. Subclause [[c.malloc]]
-describes the changes.
 <!-- Link reference definitions -->
 [algorithms]: algorithms.md#algorithms
 [basic]: basic.md#basic
 [basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
 [basic.scope]: basic.md#basic.scope
 [basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
-[c.malloc]: utilities.md#c.malloc
 [class]: class.md#class
 [containers]: containers.md#containers
 [conv.array]: expr.md#conv.array
 [conv.func]: expr.md#conv.func
 [conv.lval]: expr.md#conv.lval
 [cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
 [csetjmp.syn]: support.md#csetjmp.syn
 [cstring.syn]: strings.md#cstring.syn
 [cwchar.syn]: strings.md#cwchar.syn
 [dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
 [dcl.constinit]: dcl.md#dcl.constinit
 [dcl.dcl]: dcl.md#dcl.dcl
 [dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.coroutine
 [dcl.type]: dcl.md#dcl.type
 [dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
 [depr]: future.md#depr
-[depr.c.headers]: future.md#depr.c.headers
 [diagnostics]: diagnostics.md#diagnostics
 [diff]: #diff
 [diff.basic]: #diff.basic
 [diff.char16]: #diff.char16
 [diff.class]: #diff.class
@@ -152,32 +157,36 @@ describes the changes.
 [diff.cpp03.class]: #diff.cpp03.class
 [diff.cpp03.containers]: #diff.cpp03.containers
 [diff.cpp03.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp03.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp03.diagnostics]: #diff.cpp03.diagnostics
 [diff.cpp03.expr]: #diff.cpp03.expr
 [diff.cpp03.input.output]: #diff.cpp03.input.output
 [diff.cpp03.language.support]: #diff.cpp03.language.support
 [diff.cpp03.lex]: #diff.cpp03.lex
 [diff.cpp03.library]: #diff.cpp03.library
 [diff.cpp03.numerics]: #diff.cpp03.numerics
 [diff.cpp03.strings]: #diff.cpp03.strings
 [diff.cpp03.temp]: #diff.cpp03.temp
 [diff.cpp03.utilities]: #diff.cpp03.utilities
 [diff.cpp11]: #diff.cpp11
 [diff.cpp11.basic]: #diff.cpp11.basic
 [diff.cpp11.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp11.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp11.expr]: #diff.cpp11.expr
 [diff.cpp11.input.output]: #diff.cpp11.input.output
 [diff.cpp11.lex]: #diff.cpp11.lex
 [diff.cpp11.library]: #diff.cpp11.library
 [diff.cpp14]: #diff.cpp14
 [diff.cpp14.class]: #diff.cpp14.class
 [diff.cpp14.containers]: #diff.cpp14.containers
 [diff.cpp14.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp14.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp14.depr]: #diff.cpp14.depr
 [diff.cpp14.except]: #diff.cpp14.except
 [diff.cpp14.expr]: #diff.cpp14.expr
 [diff.cpp14.lex]: #diff.cpp14.lex
 [diff.cpp14.library]: #diff.cpp14.library
 [diff.cpp14.string]: #diff.cpp14.string
 [diff.cpp14.temp]: #diff.cpp14.temp
 [diff.cpp14.utilities]: #diff.cpp14.utilities
@@ -188,53 +197,77 @@ describes the changes.
 [diff.cpp17.containers]: #diff.cpp17.containers
 [diff.cpp17.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp17.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp17.depr]: #diff.cpp17.depr
 [diff.cpp17.except]: #diff.cpp17.except
 [diff.cpp17.expr]: #diff.cpp17.expr
 [diff.cpp17.input.output]: #diff.cpp17.input.output
 [diff.cpp17.iterators]: #diff.cpp17.iterators
 [diff.cpp17.lex]: #diff.cpp17.lex
 [diff.cpp17.library]: #diff.cpp17.library
 [diff.cpp17.over]: #diff.cpp17.over
 [diff.cpp17.temp]: #diff.cpp17.temp
 [diff.dcl]: #diff.dcl
 [diff.expr]: #diff.expr
 [diff.header.assert.h]: #diff.header.assert.h
 [diff.header.iso646.h]: #diff.header.iso646.h
 [diff.header.stdalign.h]: #diff.header.stdalign.h
 [diff.header.stdbool.h]: #diff.header.stdbool.h
 [diff.iso]: #diff.iso
 [diff.lex]: #diff.lex
 [diff.library]: #diff.library
 [diff.malloc]: #diff.malloc
 [diff.mods.to.behavior]: #diff.mods.to.behavior
 [diff.mods.to.declarations]: #diff.mods.to.declarations
 [diff.mods.to.definitions]: #diff.mods.to.definitions
 [diff.mods.to.headers]: #diff.mods.to.headers
 [diff.null]: #diff.null
 [diff.offsetof]: #diff.offsetof
 [diff.stat]: #diff.stat
 [diff.wchar.t]: #diff.wchar.t
 [except]: except.md#except
 [expr]: expr.md#expr
 [expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
 [expr.prim.req]: expr.md#expr.prim.req
 [expr.sizeof]: expr.md#expr.sizeof
 [input.output]: input.md#input.output
 [iterators]: iterators.md#iterators
 [lex]: lex.md#lex
 [lex.key]: lex.md#lex.key
 [lex.name]: lex.md#lex.name
 [lex.string]: lex.md#lex.string
 [library]: library.md#library
 [numerics]: numerics.md#numerics
 [over]: over.md#over
 [stmt.stmt]: stmt.md#stmt.stmt
 [strings]: strings.md#strings
 [support]: support.md#support
 [support.start.term]: support.md#support.start.term
 [support.types]: support.md#support.types
 [support.types.layout]: support.md#support.types.layout
 [temp]: temp.md#temp
 [temp.concept]: temp.md#temp.concept
 [temp.pre]: temp.md#temp.pre
 [thread]: thread.md#thread

 ## C standard library <a id="diff.library">[[diff.library]]</a>
+### General <a id="diff.library.general">[[diff.library.general]]</a>
+Subclause [[diff.library]] summarizes the explicit changes in headers,
+definitions, declarations, or behavior between the C standard library in
+the C standard and the parts of the C++ standard library that were
+included from the C standard library.
 ### Modifications to headers <a id="diff.mods.to.headers">[[diff.mods.to.headers]]</a>
 For compatibility with the C standard library, the C++ standard library
+provides the C headers enumerated in  [[support.c.headers]].
 There are no C++ headers for the C standard library’s headers
+`<stdnoreturn.h>` and `<threads.h>`, nor are these headers from the C
+standard library headers themselves part of C++.
 The C headers `<complex.h>` and `<tgmath.h>` do not contain any of the
 content from the C standard library and instead merely include other
 headers from the C++ standard library.
 #### Types `char16_t` and `char32_t` <a id="diff.char16">[[diff.char16]]</a>
 The types `char16_t` and `char32_t` are distinct types rather than
 typedefs to existing integral types. The tokens `char16_t` and
+`char32_t` are keywords in C++ [[lex.key]]. They do not appear as macro
+or type names defined in `<cuchar>`.
 #### Type `wchar_t` <a id="diff.wchar.t">[[diff.wchar.t]]</a>
 The type `wchar_t` is a distinct type rather than a typedef to an
+existing integral type. The token `wchar_t` is a keyword in C++
+[[lex.key]]. It does not appear as a macro or type name defined in any
+of `<cstddef>`, `<cstdlib>`, or `<cwchar>`.
 #### Header `<assert.h>` <a id="diff.header.assert.h">[[diff.header.assert.h]]</a>
+The token `static_assert` is a keyword in C++. It does not appear as a
+macro name defined in `<cassert>`.
 #### Header `<iso646.h>` <a id="diff.header.iso646.h">[[diff.header.iso646.h]]</a>
 The tokens `and`, `and_eq`, `bitand`, `bitor`, `compl`, `not`, `not_eq`,
+`or`, `or_eq`, `xor`, and `xor_eq` are keywords in C++ [[lex.key]], and
+are not introduced as macros by `<iso646.h>`.
 #### Header `<stdalign.h>` <a id="diff.header.stdalign.h">[[diff.header.stdalign.h]]</a>
+The token `alignas` is a keyword in C++ [[lex.key]], and is not
+introduced as a macro by `<stdalign.h>`.
 #### Header `<stdbool.h>` <a id="diff.header.stdbool.h">[[diff.header.stdbool.h]]</a>
+The tokens `bool`, `true`, and `false` are keywords in C++ [[lex.key]],
+and are not introduced as macros by `<stdbool.h>`.
 #### Macro `NULL` <a id="diff.null">[[diff.null]]</a>
 The macro `NULL`, defined in any of `<clocale>`, `<cstddef>`,
 `<cstdio>`, `<cstdlib>`, `<cstring>`, `<ctime>`, or `<cwchar>`, is an
+*implementation-defined* null pointer constant in C++ [[support.types]].
 ### Modifications to declarations <a id="diff.mods.to.declarations">[[diff.mods.to.declarations]]</a>
 Header `<cstring>`: The following functions have different declarations:
 - `wcsstr`
 - `wmemchr`
 Subclause [[cwchar.syn]] describes the changes.
+Header `<cstddef>` declares the names `nullptr_t`, `byte`, and
+`to_integer`, and the operators and operator templates in
+[[support.types.byteops]], in addition to the names declared in
+`<stddef.h>` in the C standard library.
 ### Modifications to behavior <a id="diff.mods.to.behavior">[[diff.mods.to.behavior]]</a>
+#### General <a id="diff.mods.to.behavior.general">[[diff.mods.to.behavior.general]]</a>
 Header `<cstdlib>`: The following functions have different behavior:
 - `atexit`
 - `exit`
 - `abort`
 Subclause [[csetjmp.syn]] describes the changes.
 #### Macro `offsetof(type, member-designator)` <a id="diff.offsetof">[[diff.offsetof]]</a>
 The macro `offsetof`, defined in `<cstddef>`, accepts a restricted set
+of `type` arguments in C++. Subclause [[support.types.layout]] describes
+the change.
 #### Memory allocation functions <a id="diff.malloc">[[diff.malloc]]</a>
 The functions `aligned_alloc`, `calloc`, `malloc`, and `realloc` are
+restricted in C++. Subclause [[c.malloc]] describes the changes.
 <!-- Link reference definitions -->
 [algorithms]: algorithms.md#algorithms
 [basic]: basic.md#basic
 [basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
 [basic.scope]: basic.md#basic.scope
 [basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
+[c.malloc]: mem.md#c.malloc
 [class]: class.md#class
+[class.temporary]: basic.md#class.temporary
+[concepts]: concepts.md#concepts
 [containers]: containers.md#containers
 [conv.array]: expr.md#conv.array
 [conv.func]: expr.md#conv.func
 [conv.lval]: expr.md#conv.lval
 [cpp]: cpp.md#cpp
+[cpp.import]: cpp.md#cpp.import
+[cpp.module]: cpp.md#cpp.module
 [csetjmp.syn]: support.md#csetjmp.syn
 [cstring.syn]: strings.md#cstring.syn
 [cwchar.syn]: strings.md#cwchar.syn
 [dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
 [dcl.constinit]: dcl.md#dcl.constinit
 [dcl.dcl]: dcl.md#dcl.dcl
 [dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def.coroutine
 [dcl.type]: dcl.md#dcl.type
 [dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
 [depr]: future.md#depr
 [diagnostics]: diagnostics.md#diagnostics
 [diff]: #diff
 [diff.basic]: #diff.basic
 [diff.char16]: #diff.char16
 [diff.class]: #diff.class
 [diff.cpp03.class]: #diff.cpp03.class
 [diff.cpp03.containers]: #diff.cpp03.containers
 [diff.cpp03.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp03.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp03.diagnostics]: #diff.cpp03.diagnostics
 [diff.cpp03.expr]: #diff.cpp03.expr
+[diff.cpp03.general]: #diff.cpp03.general
 [diff.cpp03.input.output]: #diff.cpp03.input.output
 [diff.cpp03.language.support]: #diff.cpp03.language.support
 [diff.cpp03.lex]: #diff.cpp03.lex
 [diff.cpp03.library]: #diff.cpp03.library
+[diff.cpp03.locale]: #diff.cpp03.locale
 [diff.cpp03.numerics]: #diff.cpp03.numerics
 [diff.cpp03.strings]: #diff.cpp03.strings
 [diff.cpp03.temp]: #diff.cpp03.temp
 [diff.cpp03.utilities]: #diff.cpp03.utilities
 [diff.cpp11]: #diff.cpp11
 [diff.cpp11.basic]: #diff.cpp11.basic
 [diff.cpp11.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp11.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp11.expr]: #diff.cpp11.expr
+[diff.cpp11.general]: #diff.cpp11.general
 [diff.cpp11.input.output]: #diff.cpp11.input.output
 [diff.cpp11.lex]: #diff.cpp11.lex
 [diff.cpp11.library]: #diff.cpp11.library
 [diff.cpp14]: #diff.cpp14
 [diff.cpp14.class]: #diff.cpp14.class
 [diff.cpp14.containers]: #diff.cpp14.containers
 [diff.cpp14.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp14.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp14.depr]: #diff.cpp14.depr
 [diff.cpp14.except]: #diff.cpp14.except
 [diff.cpp14.expr]: #diff.cpp14.expr
+[diff.cpp14.general]: #diff.cpp14.general
 [diff.cpp14.lex]: #diff.cpp14.lex
 [diff.cpp14.library]: #diff.cpp14.library
 [diff.cpp14.string]: #diff.cpp14.string
 [diff.cpp14.temp]: #diff.cpp14.temp
 [diff.cpp14.utilities]: #diff.cpp14.utilities
 [diff.cpp17.containers]: #diff.cpp17.containers
 [diff.cpp17.dcl.dcl]: #diff.cpp17.dcl.dcl
 [diff.cpp17.depr]: #diff.cpp17.depr
 [diff.cpp17.except]: #diff.cpp17.except
 [diff.cpp17.expr]: #diff.cpp17.expr
+[diff.cpp17.general]: #diff.cpp17.general
 [diff.cpp17.input.output]: #diff.cpp17.input.output
 [diff.cpp17.iterators]: #diff.cpp17.iterators
 [diff.cpp17.lex]: #diff.cpp17.lex
 [diff.cpp17.library]: #diff.cpp17.library
 [diff.cpp17.over]: #diff.cpp17.over
 [diff.cpp17.temp]: #diff.cpp17.temp
+[diff.cpp20]: #diff.cpp20
+[diff.cpp20.concepts]: #diff.cpp20.concepts
+[diff.cpp20.containers]: #diff.cpp20.containers
+[diff.cpp20.dcl]: #diff.cpp20.dcl
+[diff.cpp20.expr]: #diff.cpp20.expr
+[diff.cpp20.general]: #diff.cpp20.general
+[diff.cpp20.lex]: #diff.cpp20.lex
+[diff.cpp20.library]: #diff.cpp20.library
+[diff.cpp20.memory]: #diff.cpp20.memory
+[diff.cpp20.stmt]: #diff.cpp20.stmt
+[diff.cpp20.strings]: #diff.cpp20.strings
+[diff.cpp20.temp]: #diff.cpp20.temp
+[diff.cpp20.thread]: #diff.cpp20.thread
+[diff.cpp20.utilities]: #diff.cpp20.utilities
 [diff.dcl]: #diff.dcl
 [diff.expr]: #diff.expr
 [diff.header.assert.h]: #diff.header.assert.h
 [diff.header.iso646.h]: #diff.header.iso646.h
 [diff.header.stdalign.h]: #diff.header.stdalign.h
 [diff.header.stdbool.h]: #diff.header.stdbool.h
 [diff.iso]: #diff.iso
+[diff.iso.general]: #diff.iso.general
 [diff.lex]: #diff.lex
 [diff.library]: #diff.library
+[diff.library.general]: #diff.library.general
 [diff.malloc]: #diff.malloc
 [diff.mods.to.behavior]: #diff.mods.to.behavior
+[diff.mods.to.behavior.general]: #diff.mods.to.behavior.general
 [diff.mods.to.declarations]: #diff.mods.to.declarations
 [diff.mods.to.definitions]: #diff.mods.to.definitions
 [diff.mods.to.headers]: #diff.mods.to.headers
 [diff.null]: #diff.null
 [diff.offsetof]: #diff.offsetof
 [diff.stat]: #diff.stat
 [diff.wchar.t]: #diff.wchar.t
 [except]: except.md#except
 [expr]: expr.md#expr
+[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
 [expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
 [expr.prim.req]: expr.md#expr.prim.req
 [expr.sizeof]: expr.md#expr.sizeof
 [input.output]: input.md#input.output
 [iterators]: iterators.md#iterators
 [lex]: lex.md#lex
 [lex.key]: lex.md#lex.key
 [lex.name]: lex.md#lex.name
 [lex.string]: lex.md#lex.string
 [library]: library.md#library
+[localization]: localization.md#localization
+[mem]: mem.md#mem
+[module]: module.md#module
 [numerics]: numerics.md#numerics
 [over]: over.md#over
 [stmt.stmt]: stmt.md#stmt.stmt
 [strings]: strings.md#strings
 [support]: support.md#support
+[support.c.headers]: support.md#support.c.headers
 [support.start.term]: support.md#support.start.term
 [support.types]: support.md#support.types
+[support.types.byteops]: support.md#support.types.byteops
 [support.types.layout]: support.md#support.types.layout
 [temp]: temp.md#temp
 [temp.concept]: temp.md#temp.concept
 [temp.pre]: temp.md#temp.pre
 [thread]: thread.md#thread

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