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### General <a id="char.traits.general">[[char.traits.general]]</a>
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Subclause [[char.traits]] defines requirements on classes representing
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*character traits*, and defines a class template `char_traits<charT>`,
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along with five specializations, `char_traits<char>`,
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`char_traits<char8_t>`, `char_traits<char16_t>`,
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`char_traits<char32_t>`, and `char_traits<wchar_t>`, that meet those
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requirements.
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Most classes specified in [[string.classes]], [[string.view]], and
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[[input.output]] need a set of related types and functions to complete
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the definition of their semantics. These types and functions are
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provided as a set of member *typedef-name*s and functions in the
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template parameter `traits` used by each such template. Subclause
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[[char.traits]] defines the semantics of these members.
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To specialize those templates to generate a string, string view, or
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iostream class to handle a particular character container type
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[[defns.character.container]] `C`, that and its related character traits
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class `X` are passed as a pair of parameters to the string, string view,
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or iostream template as parameters `charT` and `traits`. If
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`X::char_type` is not the same type as `C`, the program is ill-formed.
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