- tmp/tmpqb2j8yl8/{from.md → to.md} +117 -76
tmp/tmpqb2j8yl8/{from.md → to.md}
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#### Moved-from state of library types <a id="lib.types.movedfrom">[[lib.types.movedfrom]]</a>
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Objects of types defined in the C++standard library may be moved from
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[[class.copy]]
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implicitly generated. Unless otherwise specified, such moved-from
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objects shall be placed in a valid but unspecified state.
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<!-- Link reference definitions -->
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[alg.c.library]: algorithms.md#alg.c.library
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[alg.sorting]: algorithms.md#alg.sorting
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[algorithm.stable]: #algorithm.stable
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[algorithms]: algorithms.md#algorithms
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[algorithms.requirements]: algorithms.md#algorithms.requirements
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[alloc.errors]:
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[allocator.requirements]: #allocator.requirements
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[allocator.requirements.completeness]: #allocator.requirements.completeness
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[allocator.traits]: utilities.md#allocator.traits
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[alt.headers]: #alt.headers
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[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
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[
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[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
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[basic.fundamental]: basic.md#basic.fundamental
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[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
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[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
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[basic.lookup.argdep]: basic.md#basic.lookup.argdep
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[basic.scope.namespace]: basic.md#basic.scope.namespace
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[basic.start]: basic.md#basic.start
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[basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
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[basic.stc.dynamic.safety]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.safety
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[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
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[bitmask.types]: #bitmask.types
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[byte.strings]: #byte.strings
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[c.
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[c.strings]: strings.md#c.strings
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[character.seq]: #character.seq
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[class.
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[class.copy]:
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[class.
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[class.dtor]: special.md#class.dtor
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[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
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[class.mfct]: class.md#class.mfct
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[class.this]: class.md#class.this
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[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
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[compliance]: #compliance
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[conforming]: #conforming
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[conforming.overview]: #conforming.overview
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[constexpr.functions]: #constexpr.functions
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[constraints]: #constraints
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[constraints.overview]: #constraints.overview
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[container.requirements]: containers.md#container.requirements
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[containers]: containers.md#containers
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[contents]: #contents
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[conv]:
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[conventions]: #conventions
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[cpp.include]: cpp.md#cpp.include
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[
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[dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
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[dcl.attr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr
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[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
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[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
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[dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
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[dcl.init.list]: dcl.md#dcl.init.list
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[dcl.inline]: dcl.md#dcl.inline
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[dcl.link]: dcl.md#dcl.link
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[definitions]: #definitions
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[depr]: future.md#depr
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[depr.c.headers]: future.md#depr.c.headers
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[depr.cstdalign.syn]: future.md#depr.cstdalign.syn
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[depr.cstdbool.syn]: future.md#depr.cstdbool.syn
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[derivation]: #derivation
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[derived.classes]: #derived.classes
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[description]: #description
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[diagnostics]: diagnostics.md#diagnostics
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[enumerated.types]: #enumerated.types
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[except]: except.md#except
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[expos.only.types]: #expos.only.types
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[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
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[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
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[expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
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[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
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[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
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[expr.rel]: expr.md#expr.rel
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[extern.names]: #extern.names
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[extern.types]: #extern.types
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[function.objects]: utilities.md#function.objects
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[functions.within.classes]: #functions.within.classes
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[global.functions]: #global.functions
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[handler.functions]: #handler.functions
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[hash.requirements]: #hash.requirements
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[headers]: #headers
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[input.output]: input.md#input.output
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[intro.compliance]: intro.md#intro.compliance
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[intro.defs]: intro.md#intro.defs
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[intro.
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[intro.refs]: intro.md#intro.refs
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[iterator.requirements]: iterators.md#iterator.requirements
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[iterator.requirements.general]: iterators.md#iterator.requirements.general
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[iterators]: iterators.md#iterators
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[
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[lex]:
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[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
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[lib.types.movedfrom]: #lib.types.movedfrom
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[library]: #library
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[library.c]: #library.c
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[library.general]: #library.general
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[locales]: localization.md#locales
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[localization]: localization.md#localization
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[macro.names]: #macro.names
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[member.functions]: #member.functions
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[meta]: utilities.md#meta
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[multibyte.strings]: #multibyte.strings
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[namespace.constraints]: #namespace.constraints
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[namespace.def]: dcl.md#namespace.def
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[namespace.future]: #namespace.future
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[namespace.posix]: #namespace.posix
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[namespace.std]: #namespace.std
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[namespace.udecl]: dcl.md#namespace.udecl
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[new.delete]:
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[new.handler]:
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[nullablepointer.requirements]: #nullablepointer.requirements
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[numeric.requirements]: numerics.md#numeric.requirements
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[numerics]: numerics.md#numerics
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[objects.within.classes]: #objects.within.classes
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[organization]: #organization
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@@ -126,71 +158,73 @@ objects shall be placed in a valid but unspecified state.
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[over.literal]: over.md#over.literal
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[over.match]: over.md#over.match
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[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
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[protection.within.classes]: #protection.within.classes
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[random.access.iterators]: iterators.md#random.access.iterators
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[re]: re.md#re
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[reentrancy]: #reentrancy
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[replacement.functions]: #replacement.functions
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[requirements]: #requirements
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[res.on.arguments]: #res.on.arguments
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[res.on.data.races]: #res.on.data.races
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[res.on.exception.handling]: #res.on.exception.handling
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[res.on.functions]: #res.on.functions
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[res.on.headers]: #res.on.headers
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[res.on.macro.definitions]: #res.on.macro.definitions
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[res.on.objects]: #res.on.objects
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[res.on.pointer.storage]: #res.on.pointer.storage
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[res.on.
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[reserved.names]: #reserved.names
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[std.exceptions]: diagnostics.md#std.exceptions
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[stream.types]: input.md#stream.types
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[strings]: strings.md#strings
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[structure]: #structure
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[structure.elements]: #structure.elements
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[structure.requirements]: #structure.requirements
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[structure.see.also]: #structure.see.also
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[structure.specifications]: #structure.specifications
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[structure.summary]: #structure.summary
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[support
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[support.
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[support.
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[support.
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[support.
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[support.
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[support.
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[support.
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[swappable.requirements]: #swappable.requirements
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[syserr]: diagnostics.md#syserr
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[syserr.errcode.overview]: diagnostics.md#syserr.errcode.overview
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[tab:
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[tab:
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[tab:
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[tab:
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[tab:hash]: #tab:hash
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[tab:identifiers.special]: lex.md#tab:identifiers.special
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[tab:library.categories]: #tab:library.categories
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[tab:moveassignable]: #tab:moveassignable
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[tab:nullablepointer]: #tab:nullablepointer
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[tab:utilities.allocator.requirements]: #tab:utilities.allocator.requirements
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[temp.deduct.call]: temp.md#temp.deduct.call
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[template.bitset]: utilities.md#template.bitset
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[terminate.handler]:
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[thread]: thread.md#thread
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[type.descriptions]: #type.descriptions
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[type.descriptions.general]: #type.descriptions.general
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[using]: #using
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[using.headers]: #using.headers
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[using.linkage]: #using.linkage
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[using.overview]: #using.overview
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[usrlit.suffix]: #usrlit.suffix
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[utilities]: utilities.md#utilities
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[utility]: utilities.md#utility
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[utility.arg.requirements]: #utility.arg.requirements
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[utility.requirements]: #utility.requirements
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[value.error.codes]: #value.error.codes
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[zombie.names]: #zombie.names
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@@ -203,60 +237,60 @@ objects shall be placed in a valid but unspecified state.
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[^3]: To save space, items that do not apply to a class are omitted. For
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example, if a class does not specify any comparison functions, there
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will be no “Comparison functions” subclause.
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[^4]: To save space,
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For example, if a function
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[^5]: This simplifies the presentation of complexity requirements in
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some cases.
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[^6]: Examples from [[utility.requirements]] include:
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Examples from [[iterator.requirements]]
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[^7]: Such as an integer type, with constant integer values
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[[basic.fundamental]]
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[^8]: declared in `<clocale>`
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[^9]: Many of the objects manipulated by function signatures declared in
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`<cstring>`
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[^10]: A string
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[^11]: An NTBS that contains characters only from the basic execution
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character set is also an NTMBS. Each multibyte character then
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consists of a single byte.
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[^12]: The C standard library headers
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-
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library facilities
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global namespace.
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[^13]: This gives implementers freedom to use inline namespaces to
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support multiple configurations of the library.
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[^14]: A header is not necessarily a source file, nor are the sequences
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delimited by `<` and `>` in header names necessarily valid source
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file names
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[^15]: It is intentional that there is no C++ header for any of these C
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headers: `<stdatomic.h>`, `<stdnoreturn.h>`, `<threads.h>`.
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[^16]: This disallows the practice, allowed in C, of providing a masking
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macro in addition to the function prototype. The only way to achieve
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equivalent inline behavior in C++ is to provide a definition as an
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extern inline function.
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[^17]: In particular, including the standard header `<iso646.h>`
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-
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[^18]: The `".h"` headers dump all their names into the global
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namespace, whereas the newer forms keep their names in namespace
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`std`. Therefore, the newer forms are the preferred forms for all
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uses except for C++ programs which are intended to be strictly
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from the C standard library is by including the header that declares
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it, notwithstanding the latitude granted in 7.1.4 of the C Standard.
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[^21]: Any library code that instantiates other library templates must
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be prepared to work adequately with any user-supplied specialization
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that meets the minimum requirements of this
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[^22]:
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defined in `<cerrno>`.
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-
[^
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linkage includes `setjmp(jmp_buf)`, declared or defined in
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`<csetjmp>`, and `va_end(va_list)`, declared or defined in
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`<cstdarg>`.
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[^
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`<cwctype>` are always reserved, notwithstanding the restrictions
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imposed in subclause 4.5.1 of Amendment 1 to the C Standard for
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these headers.
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-
[^25]: These types are `clock_t`, `div_t`, `FILE`, `fpos_t`, `lconv`,
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`ldiv_t`, `mbstate_t`, `ptrdiff_t`, `sig_atomic_t`, `size_t`,
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`time_t`, `tm`, `va_list`, `wctrans_t`, `wctype_t`, and `wint_t`.
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-
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[^26]: A valid C++ program always calls the expected library non-member
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function. An implementation may also define additional non-member
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functions that would otherwise not be called by a valid C++ program.
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[^27]: There is an implicit exception to this rule for types that are
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described as synonyms for basic integral types, such as `size_t`
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[[support.types]]
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[^28]: That is, the C library functions can all be treated as if they
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are marked `noexcept`. This allows implementations to make
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performance optimizations based on the absence of exceptions at
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runtime.
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-
[^29]: The functions `qsort()` and `bsearch()`
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this condition.
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[^30]: In particular, they can report a failure to allocate storage by
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throwing an exception of type `bad_alloc`, or a class derived from
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-
`bad_alloc`
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#### Moved-from state of library types <a id="lib.types.movedfrom">[[lib.types.movedfrom]]</a>
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+
Objects of types defined in the C++ standard library may be moved from
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+
[[class.copy.ctor]]. Move operations may be explicitly specified or
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implicitly generated. Unless otherwise specified, such moved-from
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objects shall be placed in a valid but unspecified state.
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<!-- Link reference definitions -->
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[alg.c.library]: algorithms.md#alg.c.library
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[alg.sorting]: algorithms.md#alg.sorting
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[algorithm.stable]: #algorithm.stable
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| 12 |
[algorithms]: algorithms.md#algorithms
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| 13 |
[algorithms.requirements]: algorithms.md#algorithms.requirements
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+
[alloc.errors]: support.md#alloc.errors
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+
[allocator.req.var]: #allocator.req.var
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[allocator.requirements]: #allocator.requirements
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[allocator.requirements.completeness]: #allocator.requirements.completeness
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[allocator.traits]: utilities.md#allocator.traits
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[alt.headers]: #alt.headers
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[atomics]: atomics.md#atomics
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+
[atomics.alias]: atomics.md#atomics.alias
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[atomics.lockfree]: atomics.md#atomics.lockfree
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[bad.alloc]: support.md#bad.alloc
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[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
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[basic.fundamental]: basic.md#basic.fundamental
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[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
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[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
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[basic.lookup.argdep]: basic.md#basic.lookup.argdep
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+
[basic.lookup.qual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.qual
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+
[basic.lookup.unqual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.unqual
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[basic.scope.namespace]: basic.md#basic.scope.namespace
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[basic.start]: basic.md#basic.start
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[basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
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[basic.stc.dynamic.safety]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.safety
|
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[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
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+
[bit]: numerics.md#bit
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[bitmask.types]: #bitmask.types
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[byte.strings]: #byte.strings
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+
[c.annex.k.names]: #c.annex.k.names
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[character.seq]: #character.seq
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+
[class.copy.assign]: class.md#class.copy.assign
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+
[class.copy.ctor]: class.md#class.copy.ctor
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+
[class.dtor]: class.md#class.dtor
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[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
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[class.mfct]: class.md#class.mfct
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[class.this]: class.md#class.this
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[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
|
| 48 |
+
[cmp]: support.md#cmp
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| 49 |
[compliance]: #compliance
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| 50 |
+
[concept.destructible]: concepts.md#concept.destructible
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+
[concept.invocable]: concepts.md#concept.invocable
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+
[concept.totallyordered]: concepts.md#concept.totallyordered
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+
[concepts]: concepts.md#concepts
|
| 54 |
+
[concepts.equality]: concepts.md#concepts.equality
|
| 55 |
+
[concepts.object]: concepts.md#concepts.object
|
| 56 |
[conforming]: #conforming
|
| 57 |
[conforming.overview]: #conforming.overview
|
| 58 |
[constexpr.functions]: #constexpr.functions
|
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[constraints]: #constraints
|
| 60 |
[constraints.overview]: #constraints.overview
|
| 61 |
[container.requirements]: containers.md#container.requirements
|
| 62 |
[containers]: containers.md#containers
|
| 63 |
[contents]: #contents
|
| 64 |
+
[conv]: expr.md#conv
|
| 65 |
+
[conv.func]: expr.md#conv.func
|
| 66 |
[conventions]: #conventions
|
| 67 |
[cpp.include]: cpp.md#cpp.include
|
| 68 |
+
[cpp.replace]: cpp.md#cpp.replace
|
| 69 |
+
[cpp17.allocator]: #cpp17.allocator
|
| 70 |
+
[cpp17.copyassignable]: #cpp17.copyassignable
|
| 71 |
+
[cpp17.copyconstructible]: #cpp17.copyconstructible
|
| 72 |
+
[cpp17.destructible]: #cpp17.destructible
|
| 73 |
+
[cpp17.hash]: #cpp17.hash
|
| 74 |
+
[cpp17.moveassignable]: #cpp17.moveassignable
|
| 75 |
+
[cpp17.nullablepointer]: #cpp17.nullablepointer
|
| 76 |
+
[cstdint]: support.md#cstdint
|
| 77 |
+
[customization.point.object]: #customization.point.object
|
| 78 |
[dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
|
| 79 |
[dcl.attr]: dcl.md#dcl.attr
|
| 80 |
[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
|
| 81 |
[dcl.fct.default]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.default
|
| 82 |
[dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
|
| 83 |
[dcl.init.list]: dcl.md#dcl.init.list
|
| 84 |
[dcl.inline]: dcl.md#dcl.inline
|
| 85 |
[dcl.link]: dcl.md#dcl.link
|
| 86 |
+
[dcl.pre]: dcl.md#dcl.pre
|
| 87 |
[definitions]: #definitions
|
| 88 |
[depr]: future.md#depr
|
| 89 |
[depr.c.headers]: future.md#depr.c.headers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 90 |
[derivation]: #derivation
|
| 91 |
[derived.classes]: #derived.classes
|
| 92 |
[description]: #description
|
| 93 |
[diagnostics]: diagnostics.md#diagnostics
|
| 94 |
[enumerated.types]: #enumerated.types
|
| 95 |
[except]: except.md#except
|
| 96 |
+
[except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
|
| 97 |
+
[expos.only.func]: #expos.only.func
|
| 98 |
[expos.only.types]: #expos.only.types
|
| 99 |
[expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
|
| 100 |
[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
|
| 101 |
[expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
|
| 102 |
[expr.eq]: expr.md#expr.eq
|
| 103 |
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
| 104 |
[expr.rel]: expr.md#expr.rel
|
| 105 |
+
[expr.spaceship]: expr.md#expr.spaceship
|
| 106 |
+
[expr.unary.op]: expr.md#expr.unary.op
|
| 107 |
[extern.names]: #extern.names
|
| 108 |
[extern.types]: #extern.types
|
| 109 |
[function.objects]: utilities.md#function.objects
|
| 110 |
[functions.within.classes]: #functions.within.classes
|
| 111 |
[global.functions]: #global.functions
|
| 112 |
[handler.functions]: #handler.functions
|
| 113 |
[hash.requirements]: #hash.requirements
|
| 114 |
[headers]: #headers
|
| 115 |
+
[headers.cpp]: #headers.cpp
|
| 116 |
+
[headers.cpp.c]: #headers.cpp.c
|
| 117 |
+
[headers.cpp.fs]: #headers.cpp.fs
|
| 118 |
+
[hidden.friends]: #hidden.friends
|
| 119 |
[input.output]: input.md#input.output
|
| 120 |
[intro.compliance]: intro.md#intro.compliance
|
| 121 |
[intro.defs]: intro.md#intro.defs
|
| 122 |
+
[intro.execution]: basic.md#intro.execution
|
| 123 |
+
[intro.multithread]: basic.md#intro.multithread
|
| 124 |
[intro.refs]: intro.md#intro.refs
|
| 125 |
[iterator.requirements]: iterators.md#iterator.requirements
|
|
|
|
| 126 |
[iterators]: iterators.md#iterators
|
| 127 |
+
[lex.name]: lex.md#lex.name
|
| 128 |
+
[lex.name.special]: #lex.name.special
|
| 129 |
[lex.phases]: lex.md#lex.phases
|
| 130 |
+
[lex.separate]: lex.md#lex.separate
|
| 131 |
[lib.types.movedfrom]: #lib.types.movedfrom
|
| 132 |
[library]: #library
|
| 133 |
[library.c]: #library.c
|
| 134 |
+
[library.categories]: #library.categories
|
| 135 |
[library.general]: #library.general
|
| 136 |
[locales]: localization.md#locales
|
| 137 |
[localization]: localization.md#localization
|
| 138 |
[macro.names]: #macro.names
|
| 139 |
[member.functions]: #member.functions
|
| 140 |
[meta]: utilities.md#meta
|
| 141 |
+
[module.import]: module.md#module.import
|
| 142 |
[multibyte.strings]: #multibyte.strings
|
| 143 |
[namespace.constraints]: #namespace.constraints
|
| 144 |
[namespace.def]: dcl.md#namespace.def
|
| 145 |
[namespace.future]: #namespace.future
|
| 146 |
[namespace.posix]: #namespace.posix
|
| 147 |
[namespace.std]: #namespace.std
|
| 148 |
[namespace.udecl]: dcl.md#namespace.udecl
|
| 149 |
+
[new.delete]: support.md#new.delete
|
| 150 |
+
[new.handler]: support.md#new.handler
|
| 151 |
+
[new.syn]: support.md#new.syn
|
| 152 |
[nullablepointer.requirements]: #nullablepointer.requirements
|
| 153 |
[numeric.requirements]: numerics.md#numeric.requirements
|
| 154 |
[numerics]: numerics.md#numerics
|
| 155 |
[objects.within.classes]: #objects.within.classes
|
| 156 |
[organization]: #organization
|
|
|
|
| 158 |
[over.literal]: over.md#over.literal
|
| 159 |
[over.match]: over.md#over.match
|
| 160 |
[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
|
| 161 |
[protection.within.classes]: #protection.within.classes
|
| 162 |
[random.access.iterators]: iterators.md#random.access.iterators
|
| 163 |
+
[ranges]: ranges.md#ranges
|
| 164 |
[re]: re.md#re
|
| 165 |
[reentrancy]: #reentrancy
|
| 166 |
[replacement.functions]: #replacement.functions
|
| 167 |
[requirements]: #requirements
|
| 168 |
[res.on.arguments]: #res.on.arguments
|
| 169 |
[res.on.data.races]: #res.on.data.races
|
| 170 |
[res.on.exception.handling]: #res.on.exception.handling
|
| 171 |
+
[res.on.expects]: #res.on.expects
|
| 172 |
[res.on.functions]: #res.on.functions
|
| 173 |
[res.on.headers]: #res.on.headers
|
| 174 |
[res.on.macro.definitions]: #res.on.macro.definitions
|
| 175 |
[res.on.objects]: #res.on.objects
|
| 176 |
[res.on.pointer.storage]: #res.on.pointer.storage
|
| 177 |
+
[res.on.requirements]: #res.on.requirements
|
| 178 |
[reserved.names]: #reserved.names
|
| 179 |
+
[specialized.addressof]: utilities.md#specialized.addressof
|
| 180 |
[std.exceptions]: diagnostics.md#std.exceptions
|
| 181 |
+
[stmt.return]: stmt.md#stmt.return
|
| 182 |
[stream.types]: input.md#stream.types
|
| 183 |
[strings]: strings.md#strings
|
| 184 |
[structure]: #structure
|
| 185 |
[structure.elements]: #structure.elements
|
| 186 |
[structure.requirements]: #structure.requirements
|
| 187 |
[structure.see.also]: #structure.see.also
|
| 188 |
[structure.specifications]: #structure.specifications
|
| 189 |
[structure.summary]: #structure.summary
|
| 190 |
+
[support]: support.md#support
|
| 191 |
+
[support.coroutine]: support.md#support.coroutine
|
| 192 |
+
[support.dynamic]: support.md#support.dynamic
|
| 193 |
+
[support.exception]: support.md#support.exception
|
| 194 |
+
[support.initlist]: support.md#support.initlist
|
| 195 |
+
[support.limits]: support.md#support.limits
|
| 196 |
+
[support.rtti]: support.md#support.rtti
|
| 197 |
+
[support.runtime]: support.md#support.runtime
|
| 198 |
+
[support.srcloc]: support.md#support.srcloc
|
| 199 |
+
[support.start.term]: support.md#support.start.term
|
| 200 |
+
[support.types]: support.md#support.types
|
| 201 |
[swappable.requirements]: #swappable.requirements
|
| 202 |
[syserr]: diagnostics.md#syserr
|
| 203 |
[syserr.errcode.overview]: diagnostics.md#syserr.errcode.overview
|
| 204 |
+
[tab:allocator.req.var]: #tab:allocator.req.var
|
| 205 |
+
[tab:cpp17.allocator]: #tab:cpp17.allocator
|
| 206 |
+
[tab:cpp17.destructible]: #tab:cpp17.destructible
|
| 207 |
+
[tab:cpp17.equalitycomparable]: #tab:cpp17.equalitycomparable
|
| 208 |
+
[temp]: temp.md#temp
|
| 209 |
+
[temp.concept]: temp.md#temp.concept
|
| 210 |
+
[temp.constr.decl]: temp.md#temp.constr.decl
|
| 211 |
+
[temp.constr.order]: temp.md#temp.constr.order
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 212 |
[temp.deduct.call]: temp.md#temp.deduct.call
|
| 213 |
+
[temp.func.order]: temp.md#temp.func.order
|
| 214 |
[template.bitset]: utilities.md#template.bitset
|
| 215 |
+
[terminate.handler]: support.md#terminate.handler
|
| 216 |
[thread]: thread.md#thread
|
| 217 |
+
[time]: time.md#time
|
| 218 |
[type.descriptions]: #type.descriptions
|
| 219 |
[type.descriptions.general]: #type.descriptions.general
|
| 220 |
[using]: #using
|
| 221 |
[using.headers]: #using.headers
|
| 222 |
[using.linkage]: #using.linkage
|
| 223 |
[using.overview]: #using.overview
|
| 224 |
[usrlit.suffix]: #usrlit.suffix
|
| 225 |
[utilities]: utilities.md#utilities
|
|
|
|
| 226 |
[utility.arg.requirements]: #utility.arg.requirements
|
| 227 |
[utility.requirements]: #utility.requirements
|
| 228 |
[value.error.codes]: #value.error.codes
|
| 229 |
[zombie.names]: #zombie.names
|
| 230 |
|
|
|
|
| 237 |
|
| 238 |
[^3]: To save space, items that do not apply to a class are omitted. For
|
| 239 |
example, if a class does not specify any comparison functions, there
|
| 240 |
will be no “Comparison functions” subclause.
|
| 241 |
|
| 242 |
+
[^4]: To save space, elements that do not apply to a function are
|
| 243 |
+
omitted. For example, if a function specifies no preconditions,
|
| 244 |
+
there will be no *Preconditions:* element.
|
| 245 |
|
| 246 |
[^5]: This simplifies the presentation of complexity requirements in
|
| 247 |
some cases.
|
| 248 |
|
| 249 |
[^6]: Examples from [[utility.requirements]] include:
|
| 250 |
+
*Cpp17EqualityComparable*, *Cpp17LessThanComparable*,
|
| 251 |
+
*Cpp17CopyConstructible*. Examples from [[iterator.requirements]]
|
| 252 |
+
include: *Cpp17InputIterator*, *Cpp17ForwardIterator*.
|
| 253 |
|
| 254 |
+
[^7]: Such as an integer type, with constant integer values
|
| 255 |
+
[[basic.fundamental]].
|
| 256 |
|
| 257 |
+
[^8]: declared in `<clocale>`.
|
| 258 |
|
| 259 |
[^9]: Many of the objects manipulated by function signatures declared in
|
| 260 |
+
`<cstring>` are character sequences or NTBSs. The size of some of
|
| 261 |
+
these character sequences is limited by a length value, maintained
|
| 262 |
+
separately from the character sequence.
|
| 263 |
|
| 264 |
+
[^10]: A *string-literal*, such as `"abc"`, is a static NTBS.
|
| 265 |
|
| 266 |
[^11]: An NTBS that contains characters only from the basic execution
|
| 267 |
character set is also an NTMBS. Each multibyte character then
|
| 268 |
consists of a single byte.
|
| 269 |
|
| 270 |
+
[^12]: The C standard library headers [[depr.c.headers]] also define
|
| 271 |
+
names within the global namespace, while the C++ headers for C
|
| 272 |
+
library facilities [[headers]] may also define names within the
|
| 273 |
global namespace.
|
| 274 |
|
| 275 |
[^13]: This gives implementers freedom to use inline namespaces to
|
| 276 |
support multiple configurations of the library.
|
| 277 |
|
| 278 |
[^14]: A header is not necessarily a source file, nor are the sequences
|
| 279 |
delimited by `<` and `>` in header names necessarily valid source
|
| 280 |
+
file names [[cpp.include]].
|
| 281 |
|
| 282 |
[^15]: It is intentional that there is no C++ header for any of these C
|
| 283 |
headers: `<stdatomic.h>`, `<stdnoreturn.h>`, `<threads.h>`.
|
| 284 |
|
| 285 |
[^16]: This disallows the practice, allowed in C, of providing a masking
|
| 286 |
macro in addition to the function prototype. The only way to achieve
|
| 287 |
equivalent inline behavior in C++ is to provide a definition as an
|
| 288 |
extern inline function.
|
| 289 |
|
| 290 |
+
[^17]: In particular, including the standard header `<iso646.h>` has no
|
| 291 |
+
effect.
|
| 292 |
|
| 293 |
[^18]: The `".h"` headers dump all their names into the global
|
| 294 |
namespace, whereas the newer forms keep their names in namespace
|
| 295 |
`std`. Therefore, the newer forms are the preferred forms for all
|
| 296 |
uses except for C++ programs which are intended to be strictly
|
|
|
|
| 302 |
from the C standard library is by including the header that declares
|
| 303 |
it, notwithstanding the latitude granted in 7.1.4 of the C Standard.
|
| 304 |
|
| 305 |
[^21]: Any library code that instantiates other library templates must
|
| 306 |
be prepared to work adequately with any user-supplied specialization
|
| 307 |
+
that meets the minimum requirements of this document.
|
| 308 |
|
| 309 |
+
[^22]: Any library customization point must be prepared to work
|
| 310 |
+
adequately with any user-defined overload that meets the minimum
|
| 311 |
+
requirements of this document. Therefore an implementation may
|
| 312 |
+
elect, under the as-if rule [[intro.execution]], to provide any
|
| 313 |
+
customization point in the form of an instantiated function object
|
| 314 |
+
[[function.objects]] even though the customization point’s
|
| 315 |
+
specification is in the form of a function template. The template
|
| 316 |
+
parameters of each such function object and the function parameters
|
| 317 |
+
and return type of the object’s `operator()` must match those of the
|
| 318 |
+
corresponding customization point’s specification.
|
| 319 |
+
|
| 320 |
+
[^23]: The list of such reserved names includes `errno`, declared or
|
| 321 |
defined in `<cerrno>`.
|
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
+
[^24]: The list of such reserved function signatures with external
|
| 324 |
linkage includes `setjmp(jmp_buf)`, declared or defined in
|
| 325 |
`<csetjmp>`, and `va_end(va_list)`, declared or defined in
|
| 326 |
`<cstdarg>`.
|
| 327 |
|
| 328 |
+
[^25]: The function signatures declared in `<cuchar>`, `<cwchar>`, and
|
| 329 |
`<cwctype>` are always reserved, notwithstanding the restrictions
|
| 330 |
imposed in subclause 4.5.1 of Amendment 1 to the C Standard for
|
| 331 |
these headers.
|
| 332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 333 |
[^26]: A valid C++ program always calls the expected library non-member
|
| 334 |
function. An implementation may also define additional non-member
|
| 335 |
functions that would otherwise not be called by a valid C++ program.
|
| 336 |
|
| 337 |
[^27]: There is an implicit exception to this rule for types that are
|
| 338 |
+
described as synonyms for basic integral types, such as `size_t`
|
| 339 |
+
[[support.types]] and `streamoff` [[stream.types]].
|
| 340 |
|
| 341 |
[^28]: That is, the C library functions can all be treated as if they
|
| 342 |
are marked `noexcept`. This allows implementations to make
|
| 343 |
performance optimizations based on the absence of exceptions at
|
| 344 |
runtime.
|
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
+
[^29]: The functions `qsort()` and `bsearch()` [[alg.c.library]] meet
|
| 347 |
this condition.
|
| 348 |
|
| 349 |
[^30]: In particular, they can report a failure to allocate storage by
|
| 350 |
throwing an exception of type `bad_alloc`, or a class derived from
|
| 351 |
+
`bad_alloc` [[bad.alloc]].
|