tmp/tmp0mpke6q1/{from.md → to.md}
RENAMED
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@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
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| 1 |
+
### No unique address attribute <a id="dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr">[[dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr]]</a>
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| 2 |
+
|
| 3 |
+
The *attribute-token* `no_unique_address` specifies that a non-static
|
| 4 |
+
data member is a potentially-overlapping subobject [[intro.object]]. It
|
| 5 |
+
shall appear at most once in each *attribute-list* and no
|
| 6 |
+
*attribute-argument-clause* shall be present. The attribute may
|
| 7 |
+
appertain to a non-static data member other than a bit-field.
|
| 8 |
+
|
| 9 |
+
[*Note 1*: The non-static data member can share the address of another
|
| 10 |
+
non-static data member or that of a base class, and any padding that
|
| 11 |
+
would normally be inserted at the end of the object can be reused as
|
| 12 |
+
storage for other members. — *end note*]
|
| 13 |
+
|
| 14 |
+
[*Example 1*:
|
| 15 |
+
|
| 16 |
+
``` cpp
|
| 17 |
+
template<typename Key, typename Value,
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| 18 |
+
typename Hash, typename Pred, typename Allocator>
|
| 19 |
+
class hash_map {
|
| 20 |
+
[[no_unique_address]] Hash hasher;
|
| 21 |
+
[[no_unique_address]] Pred pred;
|
| 22 |
+
[[no_unique_address]] Allocator alloc;
|
| 23 |
+
Bucket *buckets;
|
| 24 |
+
// ...
|
| 25 |
+
public:
|
| 26 |
+
// ...
|
| 27 |
+
};
|
| 28 |
+
```
|
| 29 |
+
|
| 30 |
+
Here, `hasher`, `pred`, and `alloc` could have the same address as
|
| 31 |
+
`buckets` if their respective types are all empty.
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
— *end example*]
|
| 34 |
+
|
| 35 |
+
<!-- Link reference definitions -->
|
| 36 |
+
[basic.align]: basic.md#basic.align
|
| 37 |
+
[basic.compound]: basic.md#basic.compound
|
| 38 |
+
[basic.def]: basic.md#basic.def
|
| 39 |
+
[basic.def.odr]: basic.md#basic.def.odr
|
| 40 |
+
[basic.fundamental]: basic.md#basic.fundamental
|
| 41 |
+
[basic.life]: basic.md#basic.life
|
| 42 |
+
[basic.link]: basic.md#basic.link
|
| 43 |
+
[basic.lookup]: basic.md#basic.lookup
|
| 44 |
+
[basic.lookup.argdep]: basic.md#basic.lookup.argdep
|
| 45 |
+
[basic.lookup.classref]: basic.md#basic.lookup.classref
|
| 46 |
+
[basic.lookup.elab]: basic.md#basic.lookup.elab
|
| 47 |
+
[basic.lookup.qual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.qual
|
| 48 |
+
[basic.lookup.udir]: basic.md#basic.lookup.udir
|
| 49 |
+
[basic.lookup.unqual]: basic.md#basic.lookup.unqual
|
| 50 |
+
[basic.namespace]: #basic.namespace
|
| 51 |
+
[basic.scope]: basic.md#basic.scope
|
| 52 |
+
[basic.scope.block]: basic.md#basic.scope.block
|
| 53 |
+
[basic.scope.declarative]: basic.md#basic.scope.declarative
|
| 54 |
+
[basic.scope.namespace]: basic.md#basic.scope.namespace
|
| 55 |
+
[basic.scope.param]: basic.md#basic.scope.param
|
| 56 |
+
[basic.scope.pdecl]: basic.md#basic.scope.pdecl
|
| 57 |
+
[basic.start]: basic.md#basic.start
|
| 58 |
+
[basic.start.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.start.dynamic
|
| 59 |
+
[basic.start.static]: basic.md#basic.start.static
|
| 60 |
+
[basic.stc]: basic.md#basic.stc
|
| 61 |
+
[basic.stc.auto]: basic.md#basic.stc.auto
|
| 62 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic
|
| 63 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.allocation]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.allocation
|
| 64 |
+
[basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation]: basic.md#basic.stc.dynamic.deallocation
|
| 65 |
+
[basic.stc.static]: basic.md#basic.stc.static
|
| 66 |
+
[basic.stc.thread]: basic.md#basic.stc.thread
|
| 67 |
+
[basic.type.qualifier]: basic.md#basic.type.qualifier
|
| 68 |
+
[basic.types]: basic.md#basic.types
|
| 69 |
+
[class]: class.md#class
|
| 70 |
+
[class.access]: class.md#class.access
|
| 71 |
+
[class.base.init]: class.md#class.base.init
|
| 72 |
+
[class.bit]: class.md#class.bit
|
| 73 |
+
[class.compare.default]: class.md#class.compare.default
|
| 74 |
+
[class.conv]: class.md#class.conv
|
| 75 |
+
[class.conv.ctor]: class.md#class.conv.ctor
|
| 76 |
+
[class.conv.fct]: class.md#class.conv.fct
|
| 77 |
+
[class.copy.assign]: class.md#class.copy.assign
|
| 78 |
+
[class.copy.ctor]: class.md#class.copy.ctor
|
| 79 |
+
[class.copy.elision]: class.md#class.copy.elision
|
| 80 |
+
[class.ctor]: class.md#class.ctor
|
| 81 |
+
[class.default.ctor]: class.md#class.default.ctor
|
| 82 |
+
[class.dtor]: class.md#class.dtor
|
| 83 |
+
[class.expl.init]: class.md#class.expl.init
|
| 84 |
+
[class.friend]: class.md#class.friend
|
| 85 |
+
[class.inhctor.init]: class.md#class.inhctor.init
|
| 86 |
+
[class.init]: class.md#class.init
|
| 87 |
+
[class.mem]: class.md#class.mem
|
| 88 |
+
[class.member.lookup]: class.md#class.member.lookup
|
| 89 |
+
[class.mfct]: class.md#class.mfct
|
| 90 |
+
[class.mi]: class.md#class.mi
|
| 91 |
+
[class.name]: class.md#class.name
|
| 92 |
+
[class.pre]: class.md#class.pre
|
| 93 |
+
[class.qual]: basic.md#class.qual
|
| 94 |
+
[class.static]: class.md#class.static
|
| 95 |
+
[class.static.data]: class.md#class.static.data
|
| 96 |
+
[class.temporary]: basic.md#class.temporary
|
| 97 |
+
[class.union]: class.md#class.union
|
| 98 |
+
[class.union.anon]: class.md#class.union.anon
|
| 99 |
+
[class.virtual]: class.md#class.virtual
|
| 100 |
+
[conv]: expr.md#conv
|
| 101 |
+
[conv.array]: expr.md#conv.array
|
| 102 |
+
[conv.func]: expr.md#conv.func
|
| 103 |
+
[conv.lval]: expr.md#conv.lval
|
| 104 |
+
[conv.prom]: expr.md#conv.prom
|
| 105 |
+
[conv.ptr]: expr.md#conv.ptr
|
| 106 |
+
[conv.qual]: expr.md#conv.qual
|
| 107 |
+
[conv.rval]: expr.md#conv.rval
|
| 108 |
+
[coroutine.handle]: support.md#coroutine.handle
|
| 109 |
+
[coroutine.handle.resumption]: support.md#coroutine.handle.resumption
|
| 110 |
+
[dcl.align]: #dcl.align
|
| 111 |
+
[dcl.ambig.res]: #dcl.ambig.res
|
| 112 |
+
[dcl.array]: #dcl.array
|
| 113 |
+
[dcl.asm]: #dcl.asm
|
| 114 |
+
[dcl.attr]: #dcl.attr
|
| 115 |
+
[dcl.attr.depend]: #dcl.attr.depend
|
| 116 |
+
[dcl.attr.deprecated]: #dcl.attr.deprecated
|
| 117 |
+
[dcl.attr.fallthrough]: #dcl.attr.fallthrough
|
| 118 |
+
[dcl.attr.grammar]: #dcl.attr.grammar
|
| 119 |
+
[dcl.attr.likelihood]: #dcl.attr.likelihood
|
| 120 |
+
[dcl.attr.nodiscard]: #dcl.attr.nodiscard
|
| 121 |
+
[dcl.attr.noreturn]: #dcl.attr.noreturn
|
| 122 |
+
[dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr]: #dcl.attr.nouniqueaddr
|
| 123 |
+
[dcl.attr.unused]: #dcl.attr.unused
|
| 124 |
+
[dcl.constexpr]: #dcl.constexpr
|
| 125 |
+
[dcl.constinit]: #dcl.constinit
|
| 126 |
+
[dcl.dcl]: #dcl.dcl
|
| 127 |
+
[dcl.decl]: #dcl.decl
|
| 128 |
+
[dcl.enum]: #dcl.enum
|
| 129 |
+
[dcl.fct]: #dcl.fct
|
| 130 |
+
[dcl.fct.def]: #dcl.fct.def
|
| 131 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.coroutine]: #dcl.fct.def.coroutine
|
| 132 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.default]: #dcl.fct.def.default
|
| 133 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.delete]: #dcl.fct.def.delete
|
| 134 |
+
[dcl.fct.def.general]: #dcl.fct.def.general
|
| 135 |
+
[dcl.fct.default]: #dcl.fct.default
|
| 136 |
+
[dcl.fct.spec]: #dcl.fct.spec
|
| 137 |
+
[dcl.friend]: #dcl.friend
|
| 138 |
+
[dcl.init]: #dcl.init
|
| 139 |
+
[dcl.init.aggr]: #dcl.init.aggr
|
| 140 |
+
[dcl.init.list]: #dcl.init.list
|
| 141 |
+
[dcl.init.ref]: #dcl.init.ref
|
| 142 |
+
[dcl.init.string]: #dcl.init.string
|
| 143 |
+
[dcl.inline]: #dcl.inline
|
| 144 |
+
[dcl.link]: #dcl.link
|
| 145 |
+
[dcl.meaning]: #dcl.meaning
|
| 146 |
+
[dcl.mptr]: #dcl.mptr
|
| 147 |
+
[dcl.name]: #dcl.name
|
| 148 |
+
[dcl.pre]: #dcl.pre
|
| 149 |
+
[dcl.ptr]: #dcl.ptr
|
| 150 |
+
[dcl.ref]: #dcl.ref
|
| 151 |
+
[dcl.spec]: #dcl.spec
|
| 152 |
+
[dcl.spec.auto]: #dcl.spec.auto
|
| 153 |
+
[dcl.stc]: #dcl.stc
|
| 154 |
+
[dcl.struct.bind]: #dcl.struct.bind
|
| 155 |
+
[dcl.type]: #dcl.type
|
| 156 |
+
[dcl.type.auto.deduct]: #dcl.type.auto.deduct
|
| 157 |
+
[dcl.type.class.deduct]: #dcl.type.class.deduct
|
| 158 |
+
[dcl.type.cv]: #dcl.type.cv
|
| 159 |
+
[dcl.type.decltype]: #dcl.type.decltype
|
| 160 |
+
[dcl.type.elab]: #dcl.type.elab
|
| 161 |
+
[dcl.type.simple]: #dcl.type.simple
|
| 162 |
+
[dcl.typedef]: #dcl.typedef
|
| 163 |
+
[depr.volatile.type]: future.md#depr.volatile.type
|
| 164 |
+
[enum]: #enum
|
| 165 |
+
[enum.udecl]: #enum.udecl
|
| 166 |
+
[except.ctor]: except.md#except.ctor
|
| 167 |
+
[except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
|
| 168 |
+
[except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
|
| 169 |
+
[except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
|
| 170 |
+
[expr.alignof]: expr.md#expr.alignof
|
| 171 |
+
[expr.ass]: expr.md#expr.ass
|
| 172 |
+
[expr.await]: expr.md#expr.await
|
| 173 |
+
[expr.call]: expr.md#expr.call
|
| 174 |
+
[expr.cast]: expr.md#expr.cast
|
| 175 |
+
[expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
|
| 176 |
+
[expr.const.cast]: expr.md#expr.const.cast
|
| 177 |
+
[expr.mptr.oper]: expr.md#expr.mptr.oper
|
| 178 |
+
[expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
|
| 179 |
+
[expr.post.incr]: expr.md#expr.post.incr
|
| 180 |
+
[expr.pre.incr]: expr.md#expr.pre.incr
|
| 181 |
+
[expr.prim.lambda]: expr.md#expr.prim.lambda
|
| 182 |
+
[expr.prim.this]: expr.md#expr.prim.this
|
| 183 |
+
[expr.prop]: expr.md#expr.prop
|
| 184 |
+
[expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
|
| 185 |
+
[expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
|
| 186 |
+
[expr.sub]: expr.md#expr.sub
|
| 187 |
+
[expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
|
| 188 |
+
[expr.unary]: expr.md#expr.unary
|
| 189 |
+
[expr.unary.op]: expr.md#expr.unary.op
|
| 190 |
+
[expr.yield]: expr.md#expr.yield
|
| 191 |
+
[intro.compliance]: intro.md#intro.compliance
|
| 192 |
+
[intro.execution]: basic.md#intro.execution
|
| 193 |
+
[intro.multithread]: basic.md#intro.multithread
|
| 194 |
+
[intro.object]: basic.md#intro.object
|
| 195 |
+
[lex.charset]: lex.md#lex.charset
|
| 196 |
+
[lex.digraph]: lex.md#lex.digraph
|
| 197 |
+
[lex.key]: lex.md#lex.key
|
| 198 |
+
[lex.name]: lex.md#lex.name
|
| 199 |
+
[lex.string]: lex.md#lex.string
|
| 200 |
+
[module.interface]: module.md#module.interface
|
| 201 |
+
[namespace.alias]: #namespace.alias
|
| 202 |
+
[namespace.def]: #namespace.def
|
| 203 |
+
[namespace.memdef]: #namespace.memdef
|
| 204 |
+
[namespace.qual]: basic.md#namespace.qual
|
| 205 |
+
[namespace.udecl]: #namespace.udecl
|
| 206 |
+
[namespace.udir]: #namespace.udir
|
| 207 |
+
[namespace.unnamed]: #namespace.unnamed
|
| 208 |
+
[over]: over.md#over
|
| 209 |
+
[over.binary]: over.md#over.binary
|
| 210 |
+
[over.match]: over.md#over.match
|
| 211 |
+
[over.match.best]: over.md#over.match.best
|
| 212 |
+
[over.match.class.deduct]: over.md#over.match.class.deduct
|
| 213 |
+
[over.match.conv]: over.md#over.match.conv
|
| 214 |
+
[over.match.copy]: over.md#over.match.copy
|
| 215 |
+
[over.match.ctor]: over.md#over.match.ctor
|
| 216 |
+
[over.match.funcs]: over.md#over.match.funcs
|
| 217 |
+
[over.match.list]: over.md#over.match.list
|
| 218 |
+
[over.match.ref]: over.md#over.match.ref
|
| 219 |
+
[over.match.viable]: over.md#over.match.viable
|
| 220 |
+
[over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
|
| 221 |
+
[over.sub]: over.md#over.sub
|
| 222 |
+
[special]: class.md#special
|
| 223 |
+
[stmt.ambig]: stmt.md#stmt.ambig
|
| 224 |
+
[stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
|
| 225 |
+
[stmt.expr]: stmt.md#stmt.expr
|
| 226 |
+
[stmt.if]: stmt.md#stmt.if
|
| 227 |
+
[stmt.iter]: stmt.md#stmt.iter
|
| 228 |
+
[stmt.label]: stmt.md#stmt.label
|
| 229 |
+
[stmt.pre]: stmt.md#stmt.pre
|
| 230 |
+
[stmt.return]: stmt.md#stmt.return
|
| 231 |
+
[stmt.return.coroutine]: stmt.md#stmt.return.coroutine
|
| 232 |
+
[stmt.select]: stmt.md#stmt.select
|
| 233 |
+
[stmt.stmt]: stmt.md#stmt.stmt
|
| 234 |
+
[stmt.switch]: stmt.md#stmt.switch
|
| 235 |
+
[support.runtime]: support.md#support.runtime
|
| 236 |
+
[temp.arg.type]: temp.md#temp.arg.type
|
| 237 |
+
[temp.class.spec]: temp.md#temp.class.spec
|
| 238 |
+
[temp.deduct]: temp.md#temp.deduct
|
| 239 |
+
[temp.deduct.call]: temp.md#temp.deduct.call
|
| 240 |
+
[temp.deduct.guide]: temp.md#temp.deduct.guide
|
| 241 |
+
[temp.dep]: temp.md#temp.dep
|
| 242 |
+
[temp.expl.spec]: temp.md#temp.expl.spec
|
| 243 |
+
[temp.explicit]: temp.md#temp.explicit
|
| 244 |
+
[temp.fct]: temp.md#temp.fct
|
| 245 |
+
[temp.inst]: temp.md#temp.inst
|
| 246 |
+
[temp.local]: temp.md#temp.local
|
| 247 |
+
[temp.mem]: temp.md#temp.mem
|
| 248 |
+
[temp.names]: temp.md#temp.names
|
| 249 |
+
[temp.over.link]: temp.md#temp.over.link
|
| 250 |
+
[temp.param]: temp.md#temp.param
|
| 251 |
+
[temp.pre]: temp.md#temp.pre
|
| 252 |
+
[temp.res]: temp.md#temp.res
|
| 253 |
+
[temp.spec]: temp.md#temp.spec
|
| 254 |
+
[temp.variadic]: temp.md#temp.variadic
|
| 255 |
+
|
| 256 |
+
[^1]: There is no special provision for a *decl-specifier-seq* that
|
| 257 |
+
lacks a *type-specifier* or that has a *type-specifier* that only
|
| 258 |
+
specifies *cv-qualifier*s. The “implicit int” rule of C is no longer
|
| 259 |
+
supported.
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
[^2]: As indicated by syntax, cv-qualifiers are a significant component
|
| 262 |
+
in function return types.
|
| 263 |
+
|
| 264 |
+
[^3]: One can explicitly disambiguate the parse either by introducing a
|
| 265 |
+
comma (so the ellipsis will be parsed as part of the
|
| 266 |
+
*parameter-declaration-clause*) or by introducing a name for the
|
| 267 |
+
parameter (so the ellipsis will be parsed as part of the
|
| 268 |
+
*declarator-id*).
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
[^4]: This means that default arguments cannot appear, for example, in
|
| 271 |
+
declarations of pointers to functions, references to functions, or
|
| 272 |
+
`typedef` declarations.
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
[^5]: As specified in [[conv.ptr]], converting an integer literal whose
|
| 275 |
+
value is `0` to a pointer type results in a null pointer value.
|
| 276 |
+
|
| 277 |
+
[^6]: The syntax provides for empty *braced-init-list*s, but nonetheless
|
| 278 |
+
C++ does not have zero length arrays.
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
[^7]: This requires a conversion function [[class.conv.fct]] returning a
|
| 281 |
+
reference type.
|
| 282 |
+
|
| 283 |
+
[^8]: Implementations are permitted to provide additional predefined
|
| 284 |
+
variables with names that are reserved to the implementation
|
| 285 |
+
[[lex.name]]. If a predefined variable is not odr-used
|
| 286 |
+
[[basic.def.odr]], its string value need not be present in the
|
| 287 |
+
program image.
|
| 288 |
+
|
| 289 |
+
[^9]: This set of values is used to define promotion and conversion
|
| 290 |
+
semantics for the enumeration type. It does not preclude an
|
| 291 |
+
expression of enumeration type from having a value that falls
|
| 292 |
+
outside this range.
|
| 293 |
+
|
| 294 |
+
[^10]: this implies that the name of the class or function is
|
| 295 |
+
unqualified.
|
| 296 |
+
|
| 297 |
+
[^11]: During name lookup in a class hierarchy, some ambiguities may be
|
| 298 |
+
resolved by considering whether one member hides the other along
|
| 299 |
+
some paths [[class.member.lookup]]. There is no such disambiguation
|
| 300 |
+
when considering the set of names found as a result of following
|
| 301 |
+
*using-directive*s.
|
| 302 |
+
|
| 303 |
+
[^12]: A *using-declaration* with more than one *using-declarator* is
|
| 304 |
+
equivalent to a corresponding sequence of *using-declaration*s with
|
| 305 |
+
one *using-declarator* each.
|