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[organization]

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@@ -1,56 +1,62 @@
1
  ### Library contents and organization <a id="organization">[[organization]]</a>
2
 
3
- [[contents]] describes the entities defined in the C++standard library.
4
- [[headers]] lists the standard library headers and some constraints on
5
- those headers. [[compliance]] lists requirements for a freestanding
6
- implementation of the C++ standard library.
7
 
8
  #### Library contents <a id="contents">[[contents]]</a>
9
 
10
- The C++standard library provides definitions for the following types of
11
- entities: macros, values, types, templates, classes, functions, objects.
 
12
 
13
- All library entities except macros, `operator new` and `operator delete`
14
- are defined within the namespace `std` or namespaces nested within
15
- namespace `std`.[^14] It is unspecified whether names declared in a
16
- specific namespace are declared directly in that namespace or in an
17
- inline namespace inside that namespace.[^15]
18
 
19
  Whenever a name `x` defined in the standard library is mentioned, the
20
  name `x` is assumed to be fully qualified as `::std::x`, unless
21
- explicitly described otherwise. For example, if the Effects section for
22
- library function `F` is described as calling library function `G`, the
23
- function `::std::G` is meant.
24
 
25
  #### Headers <a id="headers">[[headers]]</a>
26
 
27
  Each element of the C++standard library is declared or defined (as
28
- appropriate) in a *header*.[^16]
29
 
30
- The C++standard library provides 53 *C++library headers*, as shown in
31
  Table  [[tab:cpp.library.headers]].
32
 
33
  **Table: C++library headers** <a id="tab:cpp.library.headers">[tab:cpp.library.headers]</a>
34
 
35
- | | | | | |
36
- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ----------- | -------------------- | ----------------- |
37
- | `<algorithm>` | `<fstream>` | `<list>` | `<regex>` | `<tuple>` |
38
- | `<array>` | `<functional>` | `<locale>` | `<scoped_allocator>` | `<type_traits>` |
39
- | `<atomic>` | `<future>` | `<map>` | `<set>` | `<typeindex>` |
40
- | `<bitset>` | `<initializer_list>` | `<memory>` | `<sstream>` | `<typeinfo>` |
41
- | `<chrono>` | `<iomanip>` | `<mutex>` | `<stack>` | `<unordered_map>` |
42
- | `<codecvt>` | `<ios>` | `<new>` | `<stdexcept>` | `<unordered_set>` |
43
- | `<complex>` | `<iosfwd>` | `<numeric>` | `<streambuf>` | `<utility>` |
44
- | `<condition_variable>` | `<iostream>` | `<ostream>` | `<string>` | `<valarray>` |
45
- | `<deque>` | `<istream>` | `<queue>` | `<strstream>` | `<vector>` |
46
- | `<exception>` | `<iterator>` | `<random>` | `<system_error>` | |
47
- | `<forward_list>` | `<limits>` | `<ratio>` | `<thread>` | |
 
 
 
 
 
48
 
49
 
50
- The facilities of the C standard Library are provided in 26 additional
51
- headers, as shown in Table  [[tab:cpp.c.headers]].
52
 
53
  **Table: C++headers for C library facilities** <a id="tab:cpp.c.headers">[tab:cpp.c.headers]</a>
54
 
55
  | | | | | |
56
  | ------------ | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | ----------- |
@@ -60,34 +66,77 @@ headers, as shown in Table  [[tab:cpp.c.headers]].
60
  | `<cerrno>` | `<clocale>` | `<cstdbool>` | `<ctgmath>` | |
61
  | `<cfenv>` | `<cmath>` | `<cstddef>` | `<ctime>` | |
62
  | `<cfloat>` | `<csetjmp>` | `<cstdint>` | `<cuchar>` | |
63
 
64
 
65
- Except as noted in Clauses  [[language.support]] through  [[thread]] and
66
- Annex  [[depr]], the contents of each header `cname` shall be the same
67
- as that of the corresponding header `name.h`, as specified in the C
68
- standard library ([[intro.refs]]) or the C Unicode TR, as appropriate,
69
- as if by inclusion. In the C++standard library, however, the
70
  declarations (except for names which are defined as macros in C) are
71
  within namespace scope ([[basic.scope.namespace]]) of the namespace
72
- `std.` It is unspecified whether these names are first declared within
73
- the global namespace scope and are then injected into namespace `std` by
74
- explicit *using-declaration*s ([[namespace.udecl]]).
 
 
75
 
76
  Names which are defined as macros in C shall be defined as macros in the
77
  C++ standard library, even if C grants license for implementation as
78
- functions. The names defined as macros in C include the following:
79
- `assert`, `offsetof`, `setjmp`, `va_arg`, `va_end`, and `va_start`.
 
 
 
80
 
81
  Names that are defined as functions in C shall be defined as functions
82
- in the C++standard library.[^17]
83
 
84
  Identifiers that are keywords or operators in C++shall not be defined as
85
- macros in C++standard library headers.[^18]
86
 
87
  [[depr.c.headers]], C standard library headers, describes the effects of
88
- using the `name.h` (C header) form in a C++program.[^19]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
89
 
90
  #### Freestanding implementations <a id="compliance">[[compliance]]</a>
91
 
92
  Two kinds of implementations are defined: *hosted* and *freestanding* (
93
  [[intro.compliance]]). For a hosted implementation, this International
@@ -98,23 +147,24 @@ headers. This set shall include at least the headers shown in Table 
98
  [[tab:cpp.headers.freestanding]].
99
 
100
  **Table: C++headers for freestanding implementations** <a id="tab:cpp.headers.freestanding">[tab:cpp.headers.freestanding]</a>
101
 
102
  | Subclause | | Header |
103
- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
104
  | | | `<ciso646>` |
105
  | [[support.types]] | Types | `<cstddef>` |
106
  | [[support.limits]] | Implementation properties | `<cfloat>` `<limits>` `<climits>` |
107
  | [[cstdint]] | Integer types | `<cstdint>` |
108
  | [[support.start.term]] | Start and termination | `<cstdlib>` |
109
  | [[support.dynamic]] | Dynamic memory management | `<new>` |
110
  | [[support.rtti]] | Type identification | `<typeinfo>` |
111
  | [[support.exception]] | Exception handling | `<exception>` |
112
  | [[support.initlist]] | Initializer lists | `<initializer_list>` |
113
- | [[support.runtime]] | Other runtime support | `<cstdalign>` `<cstdarg>` `<cstdbool>` |
114
  | [[meta]] | Type traits | `<type_traits>` |
115
  | [[atomics]] | Atomics | `<atomic>` |
 
116
 
117
 
118
  The supplied version of the header `<cstdlib>` shall declare at least
119
  the functions `abort`, `atexit`, `at_quick_exit`, `exit`, and
120
  `quick_exit` ([[support.start.term]]). The other headers listed in this
 
1
  ### Library contents and organization <a id="organization">[[organization]]</a>
2
 
3
+ [[contents]] describes the entities and macros defined in the
4
+ C++standard library. [[headers]] lists the standard library headers and
5
+ some constraints on those headers. [[compliance]] lists requirements for
6
+ a freestanding implementation of the C++ standard library.
7
 
8
  #### Library contents <a id="contents">[[contents]]</a>
9
 
10
+ The C++standard library provides definitions for the entities and macros
11
+ described in the synopses of the C++standard library headers (
12
+ [[headers]]).
13
 
14
+ All library entities except `operator new` and `operator delete` are
15
+ defined within the namespace `std` or namespaces nested within namespace
16
+ `std`.[^12] It is unspecified whether names declared in a specific
17
+ namespace are declared directly in that namespace or in an inline
18
+ namespace inside that namespace.[^13]
19
 
20
  Whenever a name `x` defined in the standard library is mentioned, the
21
  name `x` is assumed to be fully qualified as `::std::x`, unless
22
+ explicitly described otherwise. For example, if the *Effects:* section
23
+ for library function `F` is described as calling library function `G`,
24
+ the function `::std::G` is meant.
25
 
26
  #### Headers <a id="headers">[[headers]]</a>
27
 
28
  Each element of the C++standard library is declared or defined (as
29
+ appropriate) in a *header*.[^14]
30
 
31
+ The C++standard library provides the *C++library headers*, shown in
32
  Table  [[tab:cpp.library.headers]].
33
 
34
  **Table: C++library headers** <a id="tab:cpp.library.headers">[tab:cpp.library.headers]</a>
35
 
36
+ | | | | |
37
+ | ---------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------- |
38
+ | `<algorithm>` | `<future>` | `<numeric>` | `<strstream>` |
39
+ | `<any>` | `<initializer_list>` | `<optional>` | `<system_error>` |
40
+ | `<array>` | `<iomanip>` | `<ostream>` | `<thread>` |
41
+ | `<atomic>` | `<ios>` | `<queue>` | `<tuple>` |
42
+ | `<bitset>` | `<iosfwd>` | `<random>` | `<type_traits>` |
43
+ | `<chrono>` | `<iostream>` | `<ratio>` | `<typeindex>` |
44
+ | `<codecvt>` | `<istream>` | `<regex>` | `<typeinfo>` |
45
+ | `<complex>` | `<iterator>` | `<scoped_allocator>` | `<unordered_map>` |
46
+ | `<condition_variable>` | `<limits>` | `<set>` | `<unordered_set>` |
47
+ | `<deque>` | `<list>` | `<shared_mutex>` | `<utility>` |
48
+ | `<exception>` | `<locale>` | `<sstream>` | `<valarray>` |
49
+ | `<execution>` | `<map>` | `<stack>` | `<variant>` |
50
+ | `<filesystem>` | `<memory>` | `<stdexcept>` | `<vector>` |
51
+ | `<forward_list>` | `<memory_resource>` | `<streambuf>` | |
52
+ | `<fstream>` | `<mutex>` | `<string>` | |
53
+ | `<functional>` | `<new>` | `<string_view>` | |
54
 
55
 
56
+ The facilities of the C standard library are provided in the additional
57
+ headers shown in Table  [[tab:cpp.c.headers]]. [^15]
58
 
59
  **Table: C++headers for C library facilities** <a id="tab:cpp.c.headers">[tab:cpp.c.headers]</a>
60
 
61
  | | | | | |
62
  | ------------ | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | ----------- |
 
66
  | `<cerrno>` | `<clocale>` | `<cstdbool>` | `<ctgmath>` | |
67
  | `<cfenv>` | `<cmath>` | `<cstddef>` | `<ctime>` | |
68
  | `<cfloat>` | `<csetjmp>` | `<cstdint>` | `<cuchar>` | |
69
 
70
 
71
+ Except as noted in Clauses  [[library]] through  [[thread]] and Annex 
72
+ [[depr]], the contents of each header `cname` is the same as that of the
73
+ corresponding header `name.h` as specified in the C standard library
74
+ (Clause  [[intro.refs]]). In the C++standard library, however, the
 
75
  declarations (except for names which are defined as macros in C) are
76
  within namespace scope ([[basic.scope.namespace]]) of the namespace
77
+ `std`. It is unspecified whether these names (including any overloads
78
+ added in Clauses  [[language.support]] through  [[thread]] and Annex 
79
+ [[depr]]) are first declared within the global namespace scope and are
80
+ then injected into namespace `std` by explicit *using-declaration*s (
81
+ [[namespace.udecl]]).
82
 
83
  Names which are defined as macros in C shall be defined as macros in the
84
  C++ standard library, even if C grants license for implementation as
85
+ functions.
86
+
87
+ [*Note 1*: The names defined as macros in C include the following:
88
+ `assert`, `offsetof`, `setjmp`, `va_arg`, `va_end`, and
89
+ `va_start`. — *end note*]
90
 
91
  Names that are defined as functions in C shall be defined as functions
92
+ in the C++standard library.[^16]
93
 
94
  Identifiers that are keywords or operators in C++shall not be defined as
95
+ macros in C++standard library headers.[^17]
96
 
97
  [[depr.c.headers]], C standard library headers, describes the effects of
98
+ using the `name.h` (C header) form in a C++program.[^18]
99
+
100
+ Annex K of the C standard describes a large number of functions, with
101
+ associated types and macros, which “promote safer, more secure
102
+ programming” than many of the traditional C library functions. The names
103
+ of the functions have a suffix of `_s`; most of them provide the same
104
+ service as the C library function with the unsuffixed name, but
105
+ generally take an additional argument whose value is the size of the
106
+ result array. If any C++header is included, it is
107
+ *implementation-defined* whether any of these names is declared in the
108
+ global namespace. (None of them is declared in namespace `std`.)
109
+
110
+ Table  [[tab:c.annex.k.names]] lists the Annex K names that may be
111
+ declared in some header. These names are also subject to the
112
+ restrictions of  [[macro.names]].
113
+
114
+ **Table: C standard Annex K names** <a id="tab:c.annex.k.names">[tab:c.annex.k.names]</a>
115
+
116
+ | | | | |
117
+ | ---------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------- | ------------- |
118
+ | `abort_handler_s` | `mbstowcs_s` | `strncat_s` | `vswscanf_s` |
119
+ | `asctime_s` | `memcpy_s` | `strncpy_s` | `vwprintf_s` |
120
+ | `bsearch_s` | `memmove_s` | `strtok_s` | `vwscanf_s` |
121
+ | `constraint_handler_t` | `memset_s` | `swprintf_s` | `wcrtomb_s` |
122
+ | `ctime_s` | `printf_s` | `swscanf_s` | `wcscat_s` |
123
+ | `errno_t` | `qsort_s` | `tmpfile_s` | `wcscpy_s` |
124
+ | `fopen_s` | `RSIZE_MAX` | `TMP_MAX_S` | `wcsncat_s` |
125
+ | `fprintf_s` | `rsize_t` | `tmpnam_s` | `wcsncpy_s` |
126
+ | `freopen_s` | `scanf_s` | `vfprintf_s` | `wcsnlen_s` |
127
+ | `fscanf_s` | `set_constraint_handler_s` | `vfscanf_s` | `wcsrtombs_s` |
128
+ | `fwprintf_s` | `snprintf_s` | `vfwprintf_s` | `wcstok_s` |
129
+ | `fwscanf_s` | `snwprintf_s` | `vfwscanf_s` | `wcstombs_s` |
130
+ | `getenv_s` | `sprintf_s` | `vprintf_s` | `wctomb_s` |
131
+ | `gets_s` | `sscanf_s` | `vscanf_s` | `wmemcpy_s` |
132
+ | `gmtime_s` | `strcat_s` | `vsnprintf_s` | `wmemmove_s` |
133
+ | `ignore_handler_s` | `strcpy_s` | `vsnwprintf_s` | `wprintf_s` |
134
+ | `L_tmpnam_s` | `strerror_s` | `vsprintf_s` | `wscanf_s` |
135
+ | `localtime_s` | `strerrorlen_s` | `vsscanf_s` | |
136
+ | `mbsrtowcs_s` | `strlen_s` | `vswprintf_s` | |
137
+
138
 
139
  #### Freestanding implementations <a id="compliance">[[compliance]]</a>
140
 
141
  Two kinds of implementations are defined: *hosted* and *freestanding* (
142
  [[intro.compliance]]). For a hosted implementation, this International
 
147
  [[tab:cpp.headers.freestanding]].
148
 
149
  **Table: C++headers for freestanding implementations** <a id="tab:cpp.headers.freestanding">[tab:cpp.headers.freestanding]</a>
150
 
151
  | Subclause | | Header |
152
+ | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
153
  | | | `<ciso646>` |
154
  | [[support.types]] | Types | `<cstddef>` |
155
  | [[support.limits]] | Implementation properties | `<cfloat>` `<limits>` `<climits>` |
156
  | [[cstdint]] | Integer types | `<cstdint>` |
157
  | [[support.start.term]] | Start and termination | `<cstdlib>` |
158
  | [[support.dynamic]] | Dynamic memory management | `<new>` |
159
  | [[support.rtti]] | Type identification | `<typeinfo>` |
160
  | [[support.exception]] | Exception handling | `<exception>` |
161
  | [[support.initlist]] | Initializer lists | `<initializer_list>` |
162
+ | [[support.runtime]] | Other runtime support | `<cstdarg>` |
163
  | [[meta]] | Type traits | `<type_traits>` |
164
  | [[atomics]] | Atomics | `<atomic>` |
165
+ | [[depr.cstdalign.syn]], [[depr.cstdbool.syn]] | Deprecated headers | `<cstdalign>` `<cstdbool>` |
166
 
167
 
168
  The supplied version of the header `<cstdlib>` shall declare at least
169
  the functions `abort`, `atexit`, `at_quick_exit`, `exit`, and
170
  `quick_exit` ([[support.start.term]]). The other headers listed in this