tmp/tmpz6g1qc6f/{from.md → to.md}
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## Standard code conversion facets <a id="locale.stdcvt">[[locale.stdcvt]]</a>
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The header `<codecvt>` provides code conversion facets for various
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character encodings.
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``` cpp
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namespace std {
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enum codecvt_mode {
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consume_header = 4,
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generate_header = 2,
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little_endian = 1
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};
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template<class Elem, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
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codecvt_mode Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
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class codecvt_utf8
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: public codecvt<Elem, char, mbstate_t> {
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public:
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explicit codecvt_utf8(size_t refs = 0);
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~codecvt_utf8();
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};
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template<class Elem, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
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codecvt_mode Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
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class codecvt_utf16
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: public codecvt<Elem, char, mbstate_t> {
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public:
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explicit codecvt_utf16(size_t refs = 0);
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~codecvt_utf16();
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};
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template<class Elem, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
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codecvt_mode Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
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class codecvt_utf8_utf16
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: public codecvt<Elem, char, mbstate_t> {
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public:
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explicit codecvt_utf8_utf16(size_t refs = 0);
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~codecvt_utf8_utf16();
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};
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}
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```
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For each of the three code conversion facets `codecvt_utf8`,
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`codecvt_utf16`, and `codecvt_utf8_utf16`:
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- `Elem` is the wide-character type, such as `wchar_t`, `char16_t`, or
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`char32_t`.
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- `Maxcode` is the largest wide-character code that the facet will read
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or write without reporting a conversion error.
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- If `(Mode & consume_header)`, the facet shall consume an initial
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header sequence, if present, when reading a multibyte sequence to
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determine the endianness of the subsequent multibyte sequence to be
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read.
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- If `(Mode & generate_header)`, the facet shall generate an initial
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header sequence when writing a multibyte sequence to advertise the
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endianness of the subsequent multibyte sequence to be written.
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- If `(Mode & little_endian)`, the facet shall generate a multibyte
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sequence in little-endian order, as opposed to the default big-endian
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order.
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For the facet `codecvt_utf8`:
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- The facet shall convert between UTF-8 multibyte sequences and UCS2 or
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UCS4 (depending on the size of `Elem`) within the program.
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- Endianness shall not affect how multibyte sequences are read or
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written.
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- The multibyte sequences may be written as either a text or a binary
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file.
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For the facet `codecvt_utf16`:
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- The facet shall convert between UTF-16 multibyte sequences and UCS2 or
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UCS4 (depending on the size of `Elem`) within the program.
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- Multibyte sequences shall be read or written according to the `Mode`
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flag, as set out above.
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- The multibyte sequences may be written only as a binary file.
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Attempting to write to a text file produces undefined behavior.
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For the facet `codecvt_utf8_utf16`:
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- The facet shall convert between UTF-8 multibyte sequences and UTF-16
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(one or two 16-bit codes) within the program.
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- Endianness shall not affect how multibyte sequences are read or
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written.
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- The multibyte sequences may be written as either a text or a binary
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file.
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ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993.
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