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tmp/tmp3jxhtgrj/{from.md → to.md}
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## Definitions <a id="definitions">[[definitions]]</a>
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a stream (described in Clause [[input.output]]) that can seek to any
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integral position within the length of the stream
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Every arbitrary-positional stream is also a repositional stream.
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of a processor) to be satisfied before it can continue execution[^1]
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#### 4 character <a id="defns.character">[[defns.character]]</a>
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\<Clauses [[strings]], [[localization]], [[input.output]], and
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[[re]]\> any object which, when treated sequentially, can represent
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text
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The term does not mean only `char`, `char16_t`, `char32_t`, and
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`wchar_t` objects, but any value that can be represented by a type that
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provides the definitions specified in these Clauses.
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#### 5 character container type <a id="defns.character.container">[[defns.character.container]]</a>
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a class or a type used to represent a *character*
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It is used for one of the template parameters of the string, iostream,
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and regular expression class templates. A character container type is a
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POD ([[basic.types]]) type.
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an operator function ([[over.oper]]) for any of the equality (
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[[expr.eq]]) or relational ([[expr.rel]]) operators
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#### 7 component <a id="defns.component">[[defns.component]]</a>
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a group of library entities directly related as members, parameters, or
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return types
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For example, the class template `basic_string` and the non-member
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function templates that operate on strings are referred to as the
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*string component*.
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one or more threads are unable to continue execution because each is
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blocked waiting for one or more of the others to satisfy some condition
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within the scope of the *required behavior*
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\<specification\> a description of *replacement function* and *handler
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function* semantics
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#### 11 handler function <a id="defns.handler">[[defns.handler]]</a>
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a *non-reserved function* whose definition may be provided by a
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C++program
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A C++program may designate a handler function at various points in its
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execution by supplying a pointer to the function when calling any of the
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library functions that install handler functions (Clause
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[[language.support]]).
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templates, defined in Clause [[input.output]], that take two template
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arguments
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The arguments are named `charT` and `traits`. The argument `charT` is a
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character container class, and the argument `traits` is a class which
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defines additional characteristics and functions of the character type
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represented by `charT` necessary to implement the iostream class
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templates.
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a class member function ([[class.mfct]]) other than a constructor,
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assignment operator, or destructor that alters the state of an object of
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the class
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#### 14 move construction <a id="defns.move.constr">[[defns.move.constr]]</a>
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direct-initialization of an object of some type with an rvalue of the
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same type
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#### 15 move assignment <a id="defns.move.assign">[[defns.move.assign]]</a>
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assignment of an rvalue of some object type to a modifiable lvalue of
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the same type
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the current value of all non-static class members of an object (
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[[class.mem]])
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The state of an object can be obtained by using one or more *observer
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functions*.
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#### 17 NTCTS <a id="defns.ntcts">[[defns.ntcts]]</a>
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a sequence of values that have *character type* that precede the
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terminating null character type value `charT()`
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#### 18 observer function <a id="defns.observer">[[defns.observer]]</a>
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a class member function ([[class.mfct]]) that accesses the state of an
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object of the class but does not alter that state
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Observer functions are specified as `const` member functions (
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[[class.this]]).
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*ref-qualifier*, or a reference type
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a reference can be created, including reference types.
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a *non-reserved function* whose definition is provided by a C++program
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Only one definition for such a function is in effect for the duration of
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the program’s execution, as the result of creating the program (
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[[lex.phases]]) and resolving the definitions of all translation units (
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[[basic.link]]).
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a stream (described in Clause [[input.output]]) that can seek to a
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position that was previously encountered
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#### 22 required behavior <a id="defns.required.behavior">[[defns.required.behavior]]</a>
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a description of *replacement function* and *handler function* semantics
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applicable to both the behavior provided by the implementation and the
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behavior of any such function definition in the program
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If such a function defined in a C++program fails to meet the required
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behavior when it executes, the behavior is undefined.
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a function, specified as part of the C++standard library, that must be
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defined by the implementation
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If a C++program provides a definition for any reserved function, the
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results are undefined.
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an algorithm that preserves, as appropriate to the particular algorithm,
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the order of elements
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Requirements for stable algorithms are given in [[algorithm.stable]].
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a class that encapsulates a set of types and functions necessary for
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class templates and function templates to manipulate objects of types
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for which they are instantiated
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Traits classes defined in Clauses [[strings]], [[localization]] and
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[[input.output]] are *character traits*, which provide the character
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handling support needed by the string and iostream classes.
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place a thread in the unblocked state
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#### 27 valid but unspecified state <a id="defns.valid">[[defns.valid]]</a>
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an object state that is not specified except that the object’s
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invariants are met and operations on the object behave as specified for
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its type
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`x.
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## Definitions <a id="definitions">[[definitions]]</a>
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[*Note 1*: Clause [[intro.defs]] defines additional terms used
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elsewhere in this International Standard. — *end note*]
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a stream (described in Clause [[input.output]]) that can seek to any
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integral position within the length of the stream
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[*Note 2*: Every arbitrary-positional stream is also a repositional
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stream. — *end note*]
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\defncontext{Clauses~ [[strings]], [[localization]], [[input.output]], and~ [[re]]}
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any object which, when treated sequentially, can represent text
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[*Note 3*: The term does not mean only `char`, `char16_t`, `char32_t`,
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and `wchar_t` objects, but any value that can be represented by a type
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that provides the definitions specified in these Clauses. — *end note*]
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a class or a type used to represent a *character*
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[*Note 4*: It is used for one of the template parameters of the string,
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iostream, and regular expression class templates. A character container
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type is a POD ([[basic.types]]) type. — *end note*]
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an operator function ([[over.oper]]) for any of the equality (
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[[expr.eq]]) or relational ([[expr.rel]]) operators
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a group of library entities directly related as members, parameters, or
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return types
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[*Note 5*: For example, the class template `basic_string` and the
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non-member function templates that operate on strings are referred to as
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the *string component*. — *end note*]
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an expression whose evaluation as subexpression of a
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*conditional-expression* `CE` ([[expr.cond]]) would not prevent `CE`
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from being a core constant expression ([[expr.const]])
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one or more threads are unable to continue execution because each is
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blocked waiting for one or more of the others to satisfy some condition
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any specific behavior provided by the implementation, within the scope
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of the *required behavior*
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a description of *replacement function* and *handler function* semantics
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a direct-initialization ([[dcl.init]]) that is not
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list-initialization ([[dcl.init.list]])
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a *non-reserved function* whose definition may be provided by a
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C++program
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[*Note 6*: A C++program may designate a handler function at various
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points in its execution by supplying a pointer to the function when
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calling any of the library functions that install handler functions
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(Clause [[language.support]]). — *end note*]
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templates, defined in Clause [[input.output]], that take two template
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arguments
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[*Note 7*: The arguments are named `charT` and `traits`. The argument
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`charT` is a character container class, and the argument `traits` is a
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class which defines additional characteristics and functions of the
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character type represented by `charT` necessary to implement the
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iostream class templates. — *end note*]
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a class member function ([[class.mfct]]) other than a constructor,
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assignment operator, or destructor that alters the state of an object of
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the class
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assignment of an rvalue of some object type to a modifiable lvalue of
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the same type
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direct-initialization of an object of some type with an rvalue of the
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same type
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a sequence of values that have *character type* that precede the
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terminating null character type value `charT()`
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a class member function ([[class.mfct]]) that accesses the state of an
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object of the class but does not alter that state
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[*Note 8*: Observer functions are specified as `const` member
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functions ([[class.this]]). — *end note*]
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an object type, a function type that does not have cv-qualifiers or a
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*ref-qualifier*, or a reference type
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[*Note 9*: The term describes a type to which a reference can be
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created, including reference types. — *end note*]
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a *non-reserved function* whose definition is provided by a C++program
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[*Note 10*: Only one definition for such a function is in effect for
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the duration of the program’s execution, as the result of creating the
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program ([[lex.phases]]) and resolving the definitions of all
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translation units ([[basic.link]]). — *end note*]
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a stream (described in Clause [[input.output]]) that can seek to a
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position that was previously encountered
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a description of *replacement function* and *handler function* semantics
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applicable to both the behavior provided by the implementation and the
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behavior of any such function definition in the program
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[*Note 11*: If such a function defined in a C++program fails to meet
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the required behavior when it executes, the behavior is undefined.
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— *end note*]
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a function, specified as part of the C++standard library, that must be
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defined by the implementation
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[*Note 12*: If a C++program provides a definition for any reserved
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function, the results are undefined. — *end note*]
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an algorithm that preserves, as appropriate to the particular algorithm,
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the order of elements
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[*Note 13*: Requirements for stable algorithms are given in
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[[algorithm.stable]]. — *end note*]
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a class that encapsulates a set of types and functions necessary for
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class templates and function templates to manipulate objects of types
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for which they are instantiated
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a value of an object that is not specified except that the object’s
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invariants are met and operations on the object behave as specified for
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its type
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[*Example 1*: If an object `x` of type `std::vector<int>` is in a valid
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but unspecified state, `x.empty()` can be called unconditionally, and
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`x.front()` can be called only if `x.empty()` returns
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`false`. — *end example*]
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