[basic.align] - C++11 → C++14

Files changed (1) hide show

tmp/tmp3qatjenw/{from.md → to.md} +47 -33

tmp/tmp3qatjenw/{from.md → to.md} RENAMED Viewed

@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ Alignments have an order from *weaker* to *stronger* or *stricter*
 alignments. Stricter alignments have larger alignment values. An address
 that satisfies an alignment requirement also satisfies any weaker valid
 alignment requirement.
 The alignment requirement of a complete type can be queried using an
-`alignof` expression ([[expr.alignof]]). Furthermore, the types `char`,
-`signed char`, and `unsigned char` shall have the weakest alignment
-requirement. This enables the character types to be used as the
-underlying type for an aligned memory area ([[dcl.align]]).
 Comparing alignments is meaningful and provides the obvious results:
 - Two alignments are equal when their numeric values are equal.
 - Two alignments are different when their numeric values are not equal.
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ allocation failure.
 [basic.lookup.udir]: #basic.lookup.udir
 [basic.lookup.unqual]: #basic.lookup.unqual
 [basic.lval]: #basic.lval
 [basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
 [basic.scope]: #basic.scope
 [basic.scope.class]: #basic.scope.class
 [basic.scope.declarative]: #basic.scope.declarative
 [basic.scope.enum]: #basic.scope.enum
 [basic.scope.hiding]: #basic.scope.hiding
-[basic.scope.local]: #basic.scope.local
 [basic.scope.namespace]: #basic.scope.namespace
 [basic.scope.pdecl]: #basic.scope.pdecl
 [basic.scope.proto]: #basic.scope.proto
 [basic.scope.temp]: #basic.scope.temp
 [basic.start]: #basic.start
@@ -142,18 +142,18 @@ allocation failure.
 [class.this]: class.md#class.this
 [class.union]: class.md#class.union
 [conv]: conv.md#conv
 [conv.array]: conv.md#conv.array
 [conv.func]: conv.md#conv.func
 [conv.lval]: conv.md#conv.lval
 [conv.mem]: conv.md#conv.mem
 [conv.prom]: conv.md#conv.prom
 [conv.ptr]: conv.md#conv.ptr
 [conv.qual]: conv.md#conv.qual
 [dcl.align]: dcl.md#dcl.align
 [dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
-[dcl.constexpr]: dcl.md#dcl.constexpr
 [dcl.dcl]: dcl.md#dcl.dcl
 [dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
 [dcl.enum]: dcl.md#dcl.enum
 [dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
 [dcl.fct.def]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def
@@ -162,17 +162,20 @@ allocation failure.
 [dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
 [dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
 [dcl.init.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.init.ref
 [dcl.link]: dcl.md#dcl.link
 [dcl.mptr]: dcl.md#dcl.mptr
 [dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
 [dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
 [dcl.stc]: dcl.md#dcl.stc
 [dcl.type.cv]: dcl.md#dcl.type.cv
 [dcl.type.elab]: dcl.md#dcl.type.elab
 [dcl.type.simple]: dcl.md#dcl.type.simple
 [dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
 [except]: except.md#except
 [except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
 [except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
 [except.terminate]: except.md#except.terminate
 [except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
@@ -185,12 +188,14 @@ allocation failure.
 [expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
 [expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
 [expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
 [expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
 [expr.dynamic.cast]: expr.md#expr.dynamic.cast
 [expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
 [expr.prim]: expr.md#expr.prim
 [expr.pseudo]: expr.md#expr.pseudo
 [expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
 [expr.sizeof]: expr.md#expr.sizeof
 [expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
 [expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
@@ -217,10 +222,11 @@ allocation failure.
 [over]: over.md#over
 [over.literal]: over.md#over.literal
 [over.load]: over.md#over.load
 [over.match]: over.md#over.match
 [over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
 [ptr.align]: utilities.md#ptr.align
 [replacement.functions]: library.md#replacement.functions
 [set.new.handler]: language.md#set.new.handler
 [stmt.block]: stmt.md#stmt.block
 [stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
@@ -279,93 +285,101 @@ allocation failure.
 [^6]: This lookup applies whether the definition of `X` is nested within
     `Y`’s definition or whether `X`’s definition appears in a namespace
     scope enclosing `Y` ’s definition ([[class.nest]]).
 [^7]: That is, an unqualified name that occurs, for instance, in a type
- or default argument in the *parameter-declaration-clause* or in the
- function body.
 [^8]: This lookup applies whether the member function is defined within
     the definition of class `X` or whether the member function is
     defined in a namespace scope enclosing `X`’s definition.
-[^9]: A class template always has external linkage, and the requirements
- of  [[temp.arg.type]] and  [[temp.arg.nontype]] ensure that the
- template arguments will also have appropriate linkage.
-[^10]: A non-local variable with static storage duration having
     initialization with side-effects must be initialized even if it is
     not odr-used ([[basic.def.odr]],  [[basic.stc.static]]).
-[^11]: The intent is to have `operator new()` implementable by calling
     `std::malloc()` or `std::calloc()`, so the rules are substantially
     the same. C++differs from C in requiring a zero request to return a
     non-null pointer.
-[^12]: On some implementations, it causes a system-generated runtime
- fault.
-[^13]: This section does not impose restrictions on dereferencing
     pointers to memory not allocated by `::operator new`. This maintains
     the ability of many C++implementations to use binary libraries and
     components written in other languages. In particular, this applies
-    to C binaries, because dereferencing pointers to memory allocated by
-    `malloc` is not restricted.
-[^14]: For example, before the construction of a global object of
     non-POD class type ([[class.cdtor]]).
-[^15]: That is, an object for which a destructor will be called
     implicitly—upon exit from the block for an object with automatic
     storage duration, upon exit from the thread for an object with
     thread storage duration, or upon exit from the program for an object
     with static storage duration.
-[^16]: By using, for example, the library functions ([[headers]])
     `std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
-[^17]: By using, for example, the library functions ([[headers]])
     `std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
-[^18]: The intent is that the memory model of C++is compatible with that
     of ISO/IEC 9899 Programming Language C.
-[^19]: The size and layout of an instance of an incompletely-defined
     object type is unknown.
-[^20]: that is, large enough to contain any value in the range of
     `INT_MIN` and `INT_MAX`, as defined in the header `<climits>`.
-[^21]: See  [[dcl.type.simple]] regarding the correspondence between
     types and the sequences of *type-specifier*s that designate them.
-[^22]: This implies that unsigned arithmetic does not overflow because a
     result that cannot be represented by the resulting unsigned integer
     type is reduced modulo the number that is one greater than the
     largest value that can be represented by the resulting unsigned
     integer type.
-[^23]: Using a `bool` value in ways described by this International
     Standard as “undefined,” such as by examining the value of an
     uninitialized automatic object, might cause it to behave as if it is
     neither `true` nor `false`.
-[^24]: Therefore, enumerations ([[dcl.enum]]) are not integral;
     however, enumerations can be promoted to integral types as specified
     in  [[conv.prom]].
-[^25]: A positional representation for integers that uses the binary
     digits 0 and 1, in which the values represented by successive bits
     are additive, begin with 1, and are multiplied by successive
     integral power of 2, except perhaps for the bit with the highest
     position. (Adapted from the *American National Dictionary for
     Information Processing Systems*.)
-[^26]: Static class members are objects or functions, and pointers to
     them are ordinary pointers to objects or functions.
-[^27]: The same representation and alignment requirements are meant to
     imply interchangeability as arguments to functions, return values
     from functions, and non-static data members of unions.
-[^28]: The intent of this list is to specify those circumstances in
     which an object may or may not be aliased.

 alignments. Stricter alignments have larger alignment values. An address
 that satisfies an alignment requirement also satisfies any weaker valid
 alignment requirement.
 The alignment requirement of a complete type can be queried using an
+`alignof` expression ([[expr.alignof]]). Furthermore, the narrow
+character types ([[basic.fundamental]]) shall have the weakest
+alignment requirement. This enables the narrow character types to be
+used as the underlying type for an aligned memory area ([[dcl.align]]).
 Comparing alignments is meaningful and provides the obvious results:
 - Two alignments are equal when their numeric values are equal.
 - Two alignments are different when their numeric values are not equal.
 [basic.lookup.udir]: #basic.lookup.udir
 [basic.lookup.unqual]: #basic.lookup.unqual
 [basic.lval]: #basic.lval
 [basic.namespace]: dcl.md#basic.namespace
 [basic.scope]: #basic.scope
+[basic.scope.block]: #basic.scope.block
 [basic.scope.class]: #basic.scope.class
 [basic.scope.declarative]: #basic.scope.declarative
 [basic.scope.enum]: #basic.scope.enum
 [basic.scope.hiding]: #basic.scope.hiding
 [basic.scope.namespace]: #basic.scope.namespace
 [basic.scope.pdecl]: #basic.scope.pdecl
 [basic.scope.proto]: #basic.scope.proto
 [basic.scope.temp]: #basic.scope.temp
 [basic.start]: #basic.start
 [class.this]: class.md#class.this
 [class.union]: class.md#class.union
 [conv]: conv.md#conv
 [conv.array]: conv.md#conv.array
 [conv.func]: conv.md#conv.func
+[conv.integral]: conv.md#conv.integral
 [conv.lval]: conv.md#conv.lval
 [conv.mem]: conv.md#conv.mem
 [conv.prom]: conv.md#conv.prom
 [conv.ptr]: conv.md#conv.ptr
 [conv.qual]: conv.md#conv.qual
 [dcl.align]: dcl.md#dcl.align
 [dcl.array]: dcl.md#dcl.array
 [dcl.dcl]: dcl.md#dcl.dcl
 [dcl.decl]: dcl.md#dcl.decl
 [dcl.enum]: dcl.md#dcl.enum
 [dcl.fct]: dcl.md#dcl.fct
 [dcl.fct.def]: dcl.md#dcl.fct.def
 [dcl.init]: dcl.md#dcl.init
 [dcl.init.aggr]: dcl.md#dcl.init.aggr
 [dcl.init.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.init.ref
 [dcl.link]: dcl.md#dcl.link
 [dcl.mptr]: dcl.md#dcl.mptr
+[dcl.name]: dcl.md#dcl.name
 [dcl.ptr]: dcl.md#dcl.ptr
 [dcl.ref]: dcl.md#dcl.ref
+[dcl.spec]: dcl.md#dcl.spec
 [dcl.stc]: dcl.md#dcl.stc
 [dcl.type.cv]: dcl.md#dcl.type.cv
 [dcl.type.elab]: dcl.md#dcl.type.elab
 [dcl.type.simple]: dcl.md#dcl.type.simple
 [dcl.typedef]: dcl.md#dcl.typedef
+[diff.cpp11.basic]: compatibility.md#diff.cpp11.basic
 [except]: except.md#except
 [except.handle]: except.md#except.handle
 [except.spec]: except.md#except.spec
 [except.terminate]: except.md#except.terminate
 [except.throw]: except.md#except.throw
 [expr.comma]: expr.md#expr.comma
 [expr.cond]: expr.md#expr.cond
 [expr.const]: expr.md#expr.const
 [expr.delete]: expr.md#expr.delete
 [expr.dynamic.cast]: expr.md#expr.dynamic.cast
+[expr.mptr.oper]: expr.md#expr.mptr.oper
 [expr.new]: expr.md#expr.new
 [expr.prim]: expr.md#expr.prim
+[expr.prim.general]: expr.md#expr.prim.general
 [expr.pseudo]: expr.md#expr.pseudo
 [expr.ref]: expr.md#expr.ref
 [expr.sizeof]: expr.md#expr.sizeof
 [expr.static.cast]: expr.md#expr.static.cast
 [expr.type.conv]: expr.md#expr.type.conv
 [over]: over.md#over
 [over.literal]: over.md#over.literal
 [over.load]: over.md#over.load
 [over.match]: over.md#over.match
 [over.oper]: over.md#over.oper
+[over.over]: over.md#over.over
 [ptr.align]: utilities.md#ptr.align
 [replacement.functions]: library.md#replacement.functions
 [set.new.handler]: language.md#set.new.handler
 [stmt.block]: stmt.md#stmt.block
 [stmt.dcl]: stmt.md#stmt.dcl
 [^6]: This lookup applies whether the definition of `X` is nested within
     `Y`’s definition or whether `X`’s definition appears in a namespace
     scope enclosing `Y` ’s definition ([[class.nest]]).
 [^7]: That is, an unqualified name that occurs, for instance, in a type
+    in the *parameter-declaration-clause* or in the
+ *exception-specification*.
 [^8]: This lookup applies whether the member function is defined within
     the definition of class `X` or whether the member function is
     defined in a namespace scope enclosing `X`’s definition.
+[^9]: Lookups in which function names are ignored include names
+ appearing in a *nested-name-specifier*, an
+ *elaborated-type-specifier*, or a *base-specifier*.
+[^10]: A class template always has external linkage, and the
+    requirements of  [[temp.arg.type]] and  [[temp.arg.nontype]] ensure
+    that the template arguments will also have appropriate linkage.
+[^11]: A non-local variable with static storage duration having
     initialization with side-effects must be initialized even if it is
     not odr-used ([[basic.def.odr]],  [[basic.stc.static]]).
+[^12]: The intent is to have `operator new()` implementable by calling
     `std::malloc()` or `std::calloc()`, so the rules are substantially
     the same. C++differs from C in requiring a zero request to return a
     non-null pointer.
+[^13]: This deallocation function precludes use of an allocation
+ function `void operator new(std::size_t, std::size_t)` as a
+    placement allocation function ([[diff.cpp11.basic]]).
+[^14]: Some implementations might define that copying an invalid pointer
+    value causes a system-generated runtime fault.
+[^15]: This section does not impose restrictions on indirection through
     pointers to memory not allocated by `::operator new`. This maintains
     the ability of many C++implementations to use binary libraries and
     components written in other languages. In particular, this applies
+    to C binaries, because indirection through pointers to memory
+ allocated by `std::malloc` is not restricted.
+[^16]: For example, before the construction of a global object of
     non-POD class type ([[class.cdtor]]).
+[^17]: That is, an object for which a destructor will be called
     implicitly—upon exit from the block for an object with automatic
     storage duration, upon exit from the thread for an object with
     thread storage duration, or upon exit from the program for an object
     with static storage duration.
+[^18]: By using, for example, the library functions ([[headers]])
     `std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
+[^19]: By using, for example, the library functions ([[headers]])
     `std::memcpy` or `std::memmove`.
+[^20]: The intent is that the memory model of C++is compatible with that
     of ISO/IEC 9899 Programming Language C.
+[^21]: The size and layout of an instance of an incompletely-defined
     object type is unknown.
+[^22]: that is, large enough to contain any value in the range of
     `INT_MIN` and `INT_MAX`, as defined in the header `<climits>`.
+[^23]: See  [[dcl.type.simple]] regarding the correspondence between
     types and the sequences of *type-specifier*s that designate them.
+[^24]: This implies that unsigned arithmetic does not overflow because a
     result that cannot be represented by the resulting unsigned integer
     type is reduced modulo the number that is one greater than the
     largest value that can be represented by the resulting unsigned
     integer type.
+[^25]: Using a `bool` value in ways described by this International
     Standard as “undefined,” such as by examining the value of an
     uninitialized automatic object, might cause it to behave as if it is
     neither `true` nor `false`.
+[^26]: Therefore, enumerations ([[dcl.enum]]) are not integral;
     however, enumerations can be promoted to integral types as specified
     in  [[conv.prom]].
+[^27]: A positional representation for integers that uses the binary
     digits 0 and 1, in which the values represented by successive bits
     are additive, begin with 1, and are multiplied by successive
     integral power of 2, except perhaps for the bit with the highest
     position. (Adapted from the *American National Dictionary for
     Information Processing Systems*.)
+[^28]: Static class members are objects or functions, and pointers to
     them are ordinary pointers to objects or functions.
+[^29]: The same representation and alignment requirements are meant to
     imply interchangeability as arguments to functions, return values
     from functions, and non-static data members of unions.
+[^30]: The intent of this list is to specify those circumstances in
     which an object may or may not be aliased.

Diff to HTML by rtfpessoa